Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study cohorts
From: Medicaid spending on contraceptive coverage and pregnancy-related care
Index contraceptive | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | SARC | LARC | Pregnancy cohort n = 97,972 | ||||
OC n = 115,873 | Transdermal n = 11,577 | Vaginal ring n = 7,970 | Injectable n = 29,817 | IUD n = 37,767 | Implant n = 6,526 | ||
Demographics at index date | |||||||
Age, years, mean (±SD) [Median] | 22.7 (7.0) [21] | 22.3 (6.4) [21] | 24.0 (5.6) [23] | 22.6 (7.2) [21] | 24.9 (5.6) [24] | 21.7 (5.1) [21] | 23.3 (6.7) [21] |
Age distribution, years, n (%) | |||||||
14-16 yrs | 22,626( 19.5%) | 2,145 (18.5%) | 378 (4.7%) | 6,037 (20.2%) | 491 (1.3%) | 871 (13.3%) | 10,158 (10.4%) |
17-19 yrs | 24,784 (21.4%) | 2,555 (22.1%) | 1,306 (16.4%) | 6,332 (21.2%) | 4,278 (11.3%) | 1,575 (24.1%) | 27,917 (28.5%) |
20-24 yrs | 30,136 (26.0%) | 3,275 (28.3%) | 3,110 (39.0%) | 8,112 (27.2%) | 16,480 (43.6%) | 2,559 (39.2%) | 24,194 (24.7%) |
25-29 yrs | 19,451 (16.8%) | 2,039 (17.6%) | 1,998 (25.1%) | 4,627 (15.5%) | 9,748 (25.8%) | 1,047 (16.0%) | 17,864 (18.2%) |
30-34 yrs | 10,162 (8.8%) | 926 (8.0%) | 765 (9.6%) | 2,259 (7.6%) | 4,028 (10.7%) | 297 (4.6%) | 10,205 (10.4%) |
35-39 yrs | 5,170 (4.5%) | 409 (3.5%) | 292 (3.7%) | 1,342 (4.5%) | 1,856 (4.9%) | 130 (2.0%) | 5,335 (5.4%) |
40-44 yrs | 2,487 (2.1%) | 171 (1.5%) | 97 (1.2%) | 744 (2.5%) | 668 (1.8%) | 36 (0.6%) | 1,903 (1.9%) |
45-49 yrs | 1,057 (0.9%) | 57 (0.5%) | 24 (0.3%) | 364 (1.2%) | 218 (0.6%) | 11 (0.2%) | 396 (0.4%) |
Region, n (%) | |||||||
New Jersey | 28,532 (24.6%) | 3,754 (32.4%) | 2,670 (33.5%) | 3,976 (13.3%) | 3,414 (9.0%) | 196 (3.0%) | 31,391 (32.0%) |
Florida | 21,518 (18.6%) | 2,142 (18.5%) | 1,507 (18.9%) | 3,102 (10.4%) | 11,067 (29.3%) | 590 (9.0%) | 16,138 (16.5%) |
Missouri | 40,641 (35.1%) | 3,239 (28.0%) | 2,347 (29.4%) | 7,381 (24.8%) | 12,923 (34.2%) | 2,912 (44.6%) | 22,716 (23.2%) |
Kansas | 7,083 (6.1%) | 571 (4.9%) | 274 (3.4%) | 3,022 (10.1%) | 2,801 (7.4%) | 328 (5.0%) | 4,946 (5.0%) |
Iowa | 18,099 (15.6%) | 1,871 (16.2%) | 1,172 (14.7%) | 12,336 (41.4%) | 7,562 (20.0%) | 2,500 (38.3%) | 22,781 (23.3%) |
Race, n (%) | |||||||
White | 72,948 (63.0%) | 5,669 (49.0%) | 4,186 (52.5%) | 13,168 (44.2%) | 22,335 (59.1%) | 3,534 (54.2%) | 46,802 (47.8%) |
Black | 22,065 (19.0%) | 3,723 (32.2%) | 2,263 (28.4%) | 9,532 (32.0%) | 5,914 (15.7%) | 1,211 (18.6%) | 30,324 (31.0%) |
Latin/Hispanic | 9,434 (8.1%) | 1,077 (9.3%) | 735 (9.2%) | 1,430 (4.8%) | 4,373 (11.6%) | 289 (4.4%) | 8,704 (8.9%) |
Others/Unknown | 11,426 (9.9%) | 1,108 (9.6%) | 786 (9.9%) | 5,687 (19.1%) | 5,145 (13.6%) | 1,492 (22.9%) | 12,142 (12.4%) |
Year of index date, n (%) | |||||||
2005 | 17,725 (15.3%) | 5,209 (45.0%) | 702 (8.8%) | 4,602 (15.4%) | 2,724 (7.2%) | 14 (0.2%) | 14,641 (14.9%) |
2006 | 22,251 (19.2%) | 2,201 (19.0%) | 1,548 (19.4%) | 5,977 (20.0%) | 4,738 (12.5%) | 32 (0.5%) | 18,464 (18.8%) |
2007 | 24,927 (21.5%) | 1,529 (13.2%) | 1,919 (24.1%) | 6,158 (20.7%) | 7,790 (20.6%) | 696 (10.7%) | 20,609 (21.0%) |
2008 | 27,136 (23.4%) | 1,393 (12.0%) | 1,934 (24.3%) | 6,532 (21.9%) | 11,813 (31.3%) | 2,186 (33.5%) | 24,030 (24.5%) |
2009 | 16,850 (14.5%) | 890 (7.7%) | 1,339 (16.8%) | 4,750 (15.9%) | 7,208 (19.1%) | 2,287 (35.0%) | 14,335 (14.6%) |
2010 | 6,984 (6.0%) | 355 (3.1%) | 528 (6.6%) | 1,798 (6.0%) | 3,494 (9.3%) | 1,311 (20.1%) | 5,893 (6.0%) |
Charlson comorbidity index 1 , n (%) | |||||||
0 | 103,869 (89.6%) | 10,576 (91.4%) | 7,222 (90.6%) | 26,381 (88.5%) | 34,189 (90.5%) | 6,031 (92.4%) | 89,246 (91.1%) |
1 | 10,013 (8.6%) | 832 (7.2%) | 656 (8.2%) | 2,646 (8.9%) | 3,070 (8.1%) | 436 (6.7%) | 7,054 (7.2%) |
2 | 1,348(1.2%) | 109 (0.9%) | 60 (0.8%) | 474 (1.6%) | 363 (1.0%) | 36 (0.6%) | 972 (1.0%) |
3 | 299 (0.3%) | 17 (0.1%) | 13 (0.2%) | 118 (0.4%) | 70 (0.2%) | 12 (0.2%) | 234 (0.2%) |
4 | 72 (0.1%) | 9 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 36 (0.1%) | 21 (0.1%) | 2 (0.0%) | 66 (0.1%) |
5 or more | 272 (0.2%) | 34 (0.3%) | 19 (0.2%) | 162 (0.5%) | 54 (0.1%) | 9 (0.1%) | 400 (0.4%) |
Other comorbidities 1 , n (%) | |||||||
Cardiovascular diseases | 2,737 (2.4%) | 215 (1.9%) | 179 (2.2%) | 823 (2.8%) | 1,135 (3.0%) | 153 (2.3%) | 1,607 (1.6%) |
Hypertension | 3,125 (2.7%) | 202 (1.7%) | 199 (2.5%) | 974 (3.3%) | 1,246 (3.3%) | 134(2.1%) | 2,182 (2.2%) |
Diabetes | 2,705 (2.3%) | 192 (1.7%) | 150 (1.9%) | 697 (2.3%) | 1,037 (2.7%) | 97 (1.5%) | 1,703 (1.7%) |
Pelvic inflammatory disease | 8,851 (7.6%) | 945 (8.2%) | 843 (10.6%) | 2,511 (8.4%) | 3,704 (9.8%) | 475 (7.3%) | 7,350 (7.5%) |
Alcohol | 697 (0.6%) | 49 (0.4%) | 42 (0.5%) | 270 (0.9%) | 161 (0.4%) | 30 (0.5%) | 753 (0.8%) |
Smoking | 5,630 (4.9%) | 539 (4.7%) | 546 (6.9%) | 2,035 (6.8%) | 3,206(8.5%) | 549 (8.4%) | 2,945(3.0%) |
Parous status 2 , n (%) | 50,312 (43.4%) | 5,072 (43.8%) | 4,541 (57.0%) | 13,709 (46.0%) | 31,802 (84.2%) | 4,204 (64.4%) | 2,998 (3.1%) |
Baseline healthcare payments 1 , dollars, mean (±SD) | |||||||
Inpatient services | $1,615 (4,453) | $1,411 (4,133) | $1,634 (3,344) | $1,554 (4,482) | $2,648 (3,770) | $1,774 (3,295) | $169 (3,021) |
Outpatient | $1,574 (4,524) | $1,413 (4,279) | $1,106 (2,009) | $1,856 (4,947) | $1,539 (1,796) | $1,469 (1,930) | $872 (2,461) |
Long-term care3 services | $78 (2,919) | $32 (1,810) | $0 (6) | $56 (1,881) | $14 (1,142) | $0 (18) | $29 (1,697) |
Emergency room services | $37 (161) | $36 (138) | $30 (114) | $49 (190) | $34 (126) | $46 (161) | $40 (227) |
Pharmacy | $298 (1,554) | $221 (924) | $181 (919) | $302 (1,409) | $170 (750) | $317 (927) | $204 (1,031) |
Total payments | $3,602 (7,598) | $3,113 (6,951) | $2,951 (4,236) | $3,818 (7,826) | $4,405 (4,560) | $3,606 (4,269) | $1,315 (4,914) |
Observation period 4 , days, mean (±SD) | 317 (91) | 324 (88) | 316 (90) | 325 (90) | 265 (133) | 305 (101) | 337 (63) |