Table 1 Any instances of mistreatment of women by health care providers during childbirth, reported by women delivering at 81 public health facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India (NÂ =Â 875)
Instance of any form of mistreatment during delivery1 | Self-reported mistreatment during childbirth (all items) (# of items = 17) % (n) | Self-reported abuse during childbirth (items matched with those in observations) (# of items = 6) % (n) | Observed mistreatment in childbirth (# of items = 6) % (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
Any form of mistreatment – Yes | 77.3 (676) | 9.1 (80) | 22.4 |
Cronbach-alpha | 0.72 | 0.64 | 0.47 |
Individual items | |||
 Beaten / slapped by health care provider | 0.9 (8) | 0.9 (8) | 3.7 (32) |
 Provider forcefully pushed abdomen during delivery | 1.7 (15) | 1.7 (15) | 11.4 (100) |
 Provider applied force to pull baby | 1.5 (13) | 1.5 (13) | 7.9 (69) |
 Provider used bad/abusive language | 2.6 (23) | 2.6 (23) | 3 (26) |
 Provider threatened to slap client | 2.2 (19) | 2.2 (19) | 3.1 (27) |
 Client faced problem due to unavailability of provider during delivery | 5.1 (45) | 5.1 (45) | 3.2 (28) |
 Client disrespected during stay at facility | 1.8 (16) | – | – |
 Client not provided complete information on the delivery procedures | 47.8 (418) | – | – |
 Client not provide information on problem you might face after delivery | 4.6 (40) | – | – |
 Provider did not answer client’s questions | 29.4 (257) | – | – |
 Provider did not tell client about her health | 43.5 (381) | – | – |
 Provider did not tell client about her baby’s health | 38.9 (340) | – | – |
 Provider did not advice client on avoiding illness after delivery | 55.8 (488) | – | – |
 Provider did not take client’s consent before conducting the delivery procedures | 27 (236) | – | – |
 Client was denied specific things by the provider | 8.6 (75) | – | – |
 Client was treated differently based on her caste | 0.6 (5) | – | – |
 Client was discriminated during her stay at facility | 1.4 (12) | – | – |