Discordance in self-report and observation data on mistreatment of women by providers during childbirth in Uttar Pradesh, India

Table 2 Cohen’s Kappa scores of concordances between instances of observed and reported mistreatment reported by women delivering at 81 public health facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India (N = 875)

Individual items	Cohen’s Kappa scores	Quality of agreement^a
Beaten / slapped by health care provider	0.39	Fair
Provider forcefully pushed abdomen during delivery	0.17	Poor
Provider applied force to pull baby	0.25	Fair
Provider used bad/abusive language	0.52	Moderate
Provider threatened to slap client	0.46	Moderate
Client faced problem due to unavailability of provider	0.33	Fair

^aQuality of agreement between observed and recorded observations based on categories taken from Kwiecien et al.

ISSN: 1742-4755