Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
First author, year | Country | Study period (weeks) | Number of patients | Mean age (SD) Intervention /Control group | BMI kg/m2 (SD) Intervention /Control group | Medication1 | Intervention | Control | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agowska, 2021 [48] | Poland | 8 | 35 | 16.8 (1.3) | > 95th percentile | No | Low-calorie | Metformin | Weight, FBG, FI, HOMA-IR |
Asemi, 2014 [49] | Iran | 8 | 48 | 30.7 (6.7)/29.4 (6.2) | 29.1 (3.2)/31.5 (5.7) | No | DASH | Normal | BMI, Weight, FBG, FI, HOMA-IR |
Asemi, 2015 [50] | Iran | 8 | 48 | 22.1 (3.2)/24.7 (6.0) | 30.3 (4.5)/28.6 (5.8) | No | DASH | Normal | LDL, HDL, TC, TG |
Azadi-Yazdi, 2017 [51] | Iran | 12 | 55 | 32.1 (5.9)/31.7 (6.2) | 31.9 (4.1)/30.2 (3.2) | No | DASH | Normal | BMI, Weight, TT |
Esfahanian, 2013 [39] | Iran | 12 | 30 | 20 (4.6)/21.9 (9.3) | 34.1 (5.4)/31.1 (3.3) | No | Low-calorie | Metformin | BMI, FBG, FI, HOMA-IR, TT, LDL, HDL, TC, TG |
Foroozanfard, 2017 [22] | Iran | 12 | 60 | 27.1 (4.7)/25.6 (3.7) | 32.3 (4.6)/32.2 (3.9) | N/A | DASH | Normal | BMI, Weight, FBG, FI, HOMA-IR, TT, FSH, LH |
Galletly, 2007 [52] | Australia | 16 | 27 | 33 (1.2)/32 (1.2) | 37.6 (6.4)/34.5 (5.7) | No | Low-P | High-P | BMI, Weight |
Gower, 2013 [23] | United States of America | 8 | 30 | 31.2 (5.8) | 31.8 (5.7) | No | Low-carb | Normal | FI, HOMA-IR, TT, FSH, LH, LDL, HDL, TC, TG |
Marzouk, 2015 [53] | Egypt | 24 | 60 | 19.3 (1.3)/20.1 (1.8) | 36.0 (4.7)/35.8 (4.8) | No | Low-calorie | Normal | BMI, Weight, FBG |
Mehrabani, 2012 [24] | Iran | 12 | 49 | 28.5 (5.2)/30.5 (6.4) | 31.1 (4.6)/31.9 (4.0) | No | Low-calorie | Normal | FI, HOMA-IR, TT, FSH, LH, LDL, HDL, TC, TG |
Mei, 2022 [54] | China | 12 | 59 | 27.9 (5.3)/28.07 (7.1) | 39.3 (2.2)/29.5 (2.4) | No | Mediterranean | Low-fat | BMI |
Moran, 2003 [55] | Australia | 16 | 28 | 32 (1.2)/33 (1.2) | 37.9 (1.6)/37.7 (1.9) | No | High-P | Low-P | FBG, FI, LDL, HDL, TC, TG |
Nadjarzadeh, 2021 [56] | Iran | 12 | 32 | 28.8 (6.5)/29.4 (6.6) | 33.9 (5.3)/32.8 (5.3) | No | Low-calorie | High-P | BMI, Weight, TT |
Panico, 2014 [27] | Italy | 12 | 14 | 28.7 (4.9) | 28.7 (4.9) | No | Low-GI | Normal | BMI, Weight, FBG, FI, HOMA-IR, TT, FSH, LH, TC, TG |
Qublan, 2007 [25] | Jordan | 24 | 46 | 31.5 (19–38)/30.8 (20–37) | 32.2 (29–43)/31.9 (29–44) | No | High-P | Metformin | FBG, FI, FSH, LH |
Sorensen, 2012 [57] | Denmark | 24 | 27 | 27.7 (5.5)/28.4 (5.8) | 30.6 (7.8)/30.5 (8.5) | No | High-P | Normal | BMI, Weight, FBG, TT, LDL, HDL, TC |
Stamets, 2004 [26] | United States of America | 4 | 26 | 29 (4)/26 (4) | 38 (4)/37 (5) | No | High-P | Low-calorie | Weight, TT, FSH, LH, LDL, HDL, TC, TG |
Toscani, 2011 [58] | Brazil | 8 | 18 | 22.7 (5.6)/29.5 (5.7) | > 25 kg/m2 | No | High-P | Low-calorie | Weight, FBG, LDL, HDL, TC |
Wong, 2016 [59] | United States of America | 24 | 16 | 15.4 (1.3)/16.3 (2.2) | 36.2 (5.3)/33.9 (4.7) | No | Low-GI | Low-fat | BMI, FBG, FI, TT, TC, TG |
Articles in the qualitative synthesis | |||||||||
Mittal, 2020 | India | 12 | 21 | 33.1 (4.4)/34.4 (5.0) | 33.7 (4.8)/32.2 (5.9) | No | Vegan | Low-calorie | BMI, Weight |
Orstein, 2011 | United States of America | 12 | 16 | 15.8 (2.2) | 35.7 (6) | No | Low-carbohydrate | Low-fat | Weight |
Sordia-Hernández, 2015 | Mexico | 12 | 37 | 26.1 (4.1)/26.1 (4.7) | N/A | N/A | Low-glycemic | Normal | Weight |
Turner-McGrievy, 2014 | United States of America | 24 | 18 | 27.8 (4.5) | 39.9 (6.1) | No | Vegan | Low- calorie | Weight |