Table 1 Baseline characteristics by delivery mode, N = 1044, the FEPOS cohort, Denmark, 1998–2019
From: Birth by caesarean section and semen quality in adulthood: a Danish population-based cohort study
Background characteristics | Delivery mode | Missing n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Vaginal delivery (n = 912) | CS (n = 132) | ||
Maternal characteristics | |||
Maternal age at delivery, years, mean ± SD | 30.9 ± 0.1 | 31.4 ± 0.3 | 0 (0.0) |
Highest socioeconomic status of parents, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | ||
High-grade professional | 307 (33.7) | 50 (37.9) | |
Low-grade professional | 307 (33.7) | 40 (30.3) | |
Skilled worker | 171 (18.8) | 25 (18.9) | |
Unskilled worker | 84 (9.2) | 11 (8.3) | |
Student, economically inactive and un-definable | 43 (4.7) | 6 (4.6) | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | 25 (2.4) | ||
< 18.5 | 55 (6.2) | 6 (4.7) | |
18.5–24.9 | 663 (74.4) | 85 (66.4) | |
25.0–29.9 | 136 (15.3) | 27 (21.1) | |
≥ 30.0 | 37 (4.2) | 10 (7.8) | |
Smoking in the 1st trimester, n (%) | < 15 (< 1.4)b | ||
Nonsmoker | 702 (77.7) | 101 (78.9) | |
1–10 daily cigarettes | 171 (18.9) | < 25 (< 18.9)b | |
> 10 daily cigarettes | 31 (3.4) | < 5 (< 3.8)b | |
Pregnancy complications, n (%)a | 0 (0.0) | ||
None | 860 (94.3) | 120 (90.9) | |
One or more | 52 (5.7) | 12 (9.1) | |
Son’s characteristics | |||
Gestational week at delivery, mean ± SD | 39.8 ± 1.5 | 39.3 ± 2.1 | 0 (0.0) |
Birth weight, kg, mean ± SD | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 12 (1.1) |
Semen-related characteristics | |||
Place of semen sample delivery, n (%) | 6 (0.6) | ||
At home | 125 (13.7) | 13 (9.9) | |
In the clinic | 781 (85.6) | 119 (90.2) | |
Abstinence time, days, mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 0.0 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | < 5 (< 0.5)b |
Interval from ejaculation to analysis, minutes, mean ± SD | 49.9 ± 0.7 | 50.2 ± 1.6 | 8 (0.8) |
Spillage of semen sample, n (%) | 5 (0.5) | ||
No | 747 (82.3) | 112 (85.5) | |
Yes | 161 (17.7) | 19 (14.5) | |