Table 3 Gender, paternity, and religiosity related significant differences (mean score on 1–5 Likert scale)

Sperm donation may have negative psychological impact on the offspring⁻

− 2.56

< 0.01

Sperm donation impairs women desire for relationship and family with former sperm donor⁻

− 1.9

< 0.045

Fertility treatments increases parents’ love for their children⁺

− 2.37

< 0.017

Sperm donation contradicts my principles and/or faith⁻

− 2.66

< 0.007

Parents love their children less if they are not genetically identical to them⁻

− 4.04

< 0.001

Sperm banks’ roles and activities—NA

 Identity disclosure vs. anonymity

  Donors’ anonymity preservation is crucial to maintain sperm donation

− 3.45

< 0.001

  Offspring are eligible to seek their half siblings only within sperm bank settings and donor’s consent

− 3.2

< 0.001

  Offspring are eligible to seek their half siblings by social media without donor’s consent

− 2

< 0.04

  Offspring’s mothers are eligible to look for half siblings from the same sperm donor while maintaining his anonymity

− 4.1

< 0.001

Fertility treatments increases parents’ love for their children⁺

− 2

< 0.039

Parents love their children less if they are not genetically identical to them⁻

− 2.4

< 0.015

Sperm banks’ roles and activities

 Social factors (such as live birth limitation) should be considered even in case of impaired supply

− 2

< 0.036

 Religious factors should be considered during sperm donation

− 3.55

< 0.001

Sperm donation contradicts my principles and/or faith⁻

− 1.99

< 0.046

Sperm banks’ roles and activities

 Religious factors should be considered during sperm donation

− 6.1

< 0.001