Table 2 Bivariate analysis of individual, household and community effects on generational continuation of FGM

Age

15–24

42.8

0.40 (0.28–0.57)^a

25–34

44.9

1.05 (0.83–1.33)

35–49

35.4

0^b

Years of Education

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

Religion

Christianity

22.7

0.61 (0.45–0.84)^a

Islam

53.0

0^b

Ethnicity

Yoruba

23.5

0^b

Hausa

63.7

3.84 (2.76–5.34)^a

Igbo

25.4

1.04 (0.75–1.45)

Others

23.1

0.90 (0.64–1.28)

Personal support for FGM

Yes

35.1

1.08 (1.03- 1.13)^a

No

16.7

0^b

Level of exposure to Media

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

Household factors

 Wealth status

Poor

54.2

0^b

Middle

43.4

0.67 (0.51–0.88)^a

Rich

27.1

0.44 (0.35–0.56)^a

 Female household headship

Yes

31.2

0.93 (0.69–1.25)

No

40.9

0^b

 Female involvement in household decision

Yes

39.4

0.86 (0.81–0.91)^a

No

43.3

0^b

Community factors

 Zone

North Central

37.7

1.42 (0.91–2.23)

North East

59.8

3.54 (1.72–7.26)^a

North West

64.3

3.57 (1.80–7.06)^a

South East

25.9

1.27 (0.73–2.23)

South South

14.9

0.67 (0.40–1.11)

South West

20.5

0^b

 Residence

Urban

29.8

0.84 (0.65–1.08)

Rural

51.2

0^b

 Proportion of Yoruba

High

26.5

0^b

Low

47.7

1.59 (1.02–2.48)^a

 Proportion of Igbo

High

24.1

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

Low

49.6

0^b

 Proportion of Hausa

High

63.3

1.82 (1.03–3.21)^a

Low

22.3

0^b

 Proportion of the poor in the communities

Low

25.2

0^b

Moderate

42.2

1.41 (0.92–2.16)

High

55.5

1.38 (1.01–1.88)^a

 Proportion of uneducated mothers

Low

23.8

1.18 (0.63–2.20)

Moderate

29.3

0.63 (0.44–0.90)^a

High

63.3

0^b

 Proportion of uneducated partners

Low

23.6

0^b

Moderate

29.9

1.02 (0.72–1.43)

High

61.7

1.35 (0.79–2.33)

 Proportion unexposed to media

Low

20.9

0^b

Moderate

46.9

1.96 (1.43–2.70)^a

High

59.4

1.44 (0.91–2.26)

 Proportion of women participants in household decision

Low

48.1

0^b

Moderate

45.7

1.11 (0.83–1.50)

High

30.6

1.21 (0.88–1.66)

 Proportion of community women who supported FGM

Low

42.2

0^b

Moderate

37.2

1.73 (1.57–1.92)^a

High

33.3

1.75 (0.50–1.82)