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Table 3 Changes of maternal-fetal relationship by nursing intervention using abdominal palpations

From: Effect of nursing intervention program using abdominal palpation of Leopold’s maneuvers on maternal-fetal attachment

Variable

Investigation

Median (IQR)

P-value b)

  

Intervention group (n = 35)

Control group (n = 73)

 

PAI a)

30th week

54( 47, 62)

53 ( 45, 61)

0.546

32nd week

57( 54, 65)**

56( 49, 63)**

0.149

34th week

61( 55, 70)**

57( 50, 62)*

0.006

36th week

64( 57, 69)**

58( 51, 63)**

0.021

Frequency of talking to the fetus per day

30th week

3( 2, 6)

3( 2, 5)

0.330

32nd week

5( 3, 10)**

3( 2, 5)

0.004

34th week

5( 3, 10)**

4( 2, 6)**

0.005

36th week

5( 3, 10)**

4( 2, 5)**

0.015

Fetal position awareness score

30th week

19( 16, 22)

18( 15, 21)

0.270

 

32nd week

22( 20, 24)**

19( 15, 22)

< 0.001

 

34th week

24( 21, 27)**

18( 16, 23)*

< 0.001

 

36th week

24( 22, 27)**

21( 17, 23)**

< 0.001

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared to the 30th week (baseline).
  2. a) PAI, Prenatal Attachment Inventory score.
  3. b) Significance determined by Mann–Whitney U tests between the intervention group and control group.