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Table 5 Associated factor for spousal communication (N = 2394)

From: Shadow of domestic violence and extramarital sex cohesive with spousal communication among males in Nepal

Characteristic

Crude odds ratios with 95% confidence interval

Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval

Income 5001 NPR or above

.60 (.51- .70)*

1.22 (.98-1.52)c

5000 NPR or less/month- Ref

  

Education secondary or higher

.28 (.23- .34)*

.33 (.26-.41)*c

Uneducated or Primary level- Ref

  

Formal employment

.36 (.31-.43)*

.65 (.52-.82)*c

Informal or no employment - Ref

  

Hindu religion

.27 (.20- .36)*

.50 (.35-.72)*c

Non-Hindu - Ref

  

Non-Indigenous ethnicity

.35 (.27-.44)*

.75 (.56-1.02)c

Indigenous ethnicity - Ref

  

≥ 3 Children

1.32 (1.09- 1.59)**

1.30 (1.04- 1.61)**c

≤ 2 Children - Ref

Desire more children

2.67 (2.13- 3.34)*

3.00 (2.32- 3.90)*c

No more desire - Ref

  

Extramarital sexual relation

1.00 (.84- 1.19)

.79 (.64- .97)**c

No relation - Ref

  

Associated factors for wife’s approval to use contraceptive (N = 2394)

Age above 25 years

2.37 (1.44-3.90)*

4.47 (2.21-9.03)*a

Age 24 years & below -Ref

  

Income 5001 NPR or above

1.72 (1.27 - 2.33)*

1.52 (1.12-2.07)**b

5000 NPR or less/month- Ref

  

Education secondary or higher

7.53 (3.83-14.80)*

5.14 (2.57 -10.27)*a

Uneducated or Primary level- Ref

  

Hindu religion

2.79 (1.41-5.52)**

2.5 (1.12-5.71)**a

Non-Hindu - Ref

  

Non-Indigenous ethnicity

1.28 (.84-1.95)

.51 (.30- .87)**a

Indigenous ethnicity - Ref

  

≥ 3 Children

.13 (.07-.26)*

.14 (.07- .27)*a

≤ 2 Children - Ref

  

Desire more children

.80 (.52-1.22)

.67 (.42-1.06)a

No more desire - Ref

  
  1. *P < 0.001, **P < 0.05.
  2. bAdjusted with age, income, religion.
  3. aAdjusted with age, education, religion, desire of children, ethnicity, no. of children.
  4. cAdjusted with income, education, employment, religion, ethnicity, desire of children, extra marital sexual relation, no. of children.