Table 1 Preconception interventions and their delivery according to the level of care

Community

Primary

Referral

Promoting Reproductive health

Promoting adolescent health

✔

✔

Preventing first and repeat pregnancy in adolescence

✔

✔

Birth spacing

✔

✔

✔

Reproductive planning after abortion

✔

Advanced maternal age

✔

✔

Genetic counselling

✔

✔

Nutritional status and supplementation

Maternal pre-pregnancy weight

✔

✔

Diet, exercise and weight loss

✔

✔

✔

Folic acid supplementation

✔

✔

Multivitamins supplementation

✔

✔

Iron supplementation

✔

✔

Preventing and treating infections

Sexually transmitted infections

✔

✔

✔

HIV/AIDS prevention strategies

✔

✔

✔

Vaccine usage

✔

✔

✔

Periodontal disease and dental caries

✔

✔

Cytomegalovirus

✔

✔

Screening and management of chronic diseases

Diabetes

✔

✔

Epilepsy management

✔

Management of Phenylketonuria

✔

Thyroid disorders

✔

Systemic Lupus Erythromatoses and other connective tissue diseases

✔

Medication use

✔

✔

Mental health

✔

✔

Intimate partner violence

✔

✔

Substance abuse and lifestyle changes

Caffeine intake

✔

✔

Alcohol intake

✔

✔

Smoking cessation

✔

✔

Illicit drugs consumption

✔

✔

Ameliorating environmental exposures such as chemical and radiations

✔

✔