Table 1 Numbers of women, contraceptive use (ever and current) and high (top quintile) decision and movement autonomy by socio-demographic characteristics.
From: Women's autonomy, education and contraception use in Pakistan: a national study
Number (%) | Contraception ever (%) | Contraception currently* (%) | Decision autonomy % | Movement autonomy % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample | 6579 (100) | 40.2 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 21.4 |
Province | |||||
Punjab | 2895 (44.2) | 44.8 | 31.5 | 24.7 | 26.6 |
Sindh | 1791 (27.3) | 32.7 | 24.0 | 15.8 | 12.7 |
NWFP | 1167 (18.1) | 43.3 | 26.4 | 19.5 | 15.6 |
Balochistan | 606 (8.9) | 29.9 | 21.6 | 6.8 | 29.2 |
Islamabad | 120 (1.7) | 64.0 | 48.3 | 43.3 | 41.7 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Area | |||||
Major urban | 1524 (23.1) | 62.0 | 47.3 | 30.4 | 34.1 |
Other urban | 1302 (19.8) | 46.7 | 30.4 | 19.3 | 22.6 |
Rural | 3753 (57.1) | 29.1 | 19.4 | 16.1 | 15.8 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Married | |||||
Yes | 6361 (96.7) | 40.8 | 28.1 | 18.5 | 20.4 |
No | 218 (3.3) | 23.4 | 23.4 | 63.8 | 50.0 |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.127 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Age group | |||||
<19 | 404 (6.1) | 7.7 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 7.4 |
20–24 | 1081 (16.4) | 23.7 | 13.8 | 11.2 | 10.9 |
25–29 | 1410 (21.4) | 38.9 | 24.7 | 16.0 | 16.4 |
30–34 | 1233 (18.7) | 48.7 | 33.4 | 21.9 | 20.9 |
35–39 | 1036 (15.8) | 50.5 | 38.8 | 26.3 | 28.1 |
40+ | 1415 (21.5) | 48.5 | 36.0 | 28.3 | 33.8 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Water supply | |||||
Piped | 2310 (35.1) | 53.7 | 38.7 | 23.7 | 25.1 |
Well in residence | 3168 (48.2) | 36.0 | 24.5 | 19.0 | 21.0 |
Other | 110 (16.7) | 24.3 | 15.9 | 15.2 | 14.6 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
House construction | |||||
Katcha | 2305 (35.0) | 23.9 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 15.8 |
Semi-pacca | 1673 (25.4) | 40.7 | 26.7 | 20.8 | 20.1 |
Pacca | 1895 (28.8) | 55.5 | 41.1 | 23.5 | 26.9 |
Flat/house | 490 (7.4) | 64.4 | 49.0 | 32.0 | 34.3 |
Other | 216 (3.3) | 21.3 | 15.1 | 12.5 | 13.0 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Toilet facility | |||||
Flush | 3258 (49.5) | 54.4 | 39.6 | 24.7 | 26.2 |
Other in house | 1047 (15.9) | 33.1 | 20.5 | 14.1 | 15.1 |
No facility | 2274 (34.6) | 23.3 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 17.3 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Education | |||||
None | 4604 (70.0) | 32.7 | 22.1 | 17.8 | 18.3 |
1–5 yrs | 804 (12.2) | 48.8 | 34.2 | 21.4 | 23.3 |
6–10 yrs | 801 (12.2) | 63.7 | 47.0 | 25.6 | 31.6 |
11+ yrs | 370 (5.6) | 64.1 | 46.9 | 32.4 | 33.8 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Living children | |||||
None | 869 (13.2) | 2.1 | 0.6 | 12.2 | 14.5 |
1–2 | 1747 (26.6) | 31.2 | 20.0 | 18.0 | 17.7 |
3–4 | 1884 (28.6) | 50.2 | 34.6 | 24.2 | 24.4 |
5+ | 2079 (31.6) | 54.7 | 40.3 | 21.2 | 24.6 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Husband's education | |||||
None | 2561 (38.9) | 28.7 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 21.5 |
1–5 yrs | 1013 (15.4) | 37.5 | 24.3 | 17.8 | 16.8 |
6–10 yrs | 1929 (29.3) | 48.4 | 34.2 | 19.7 | 21.1 |
11+ yrs | 1076 (16.4) | 55.5 | 41.2 | 21.0 | 25.9 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Husband works in agriculture** | |||||
No | 5029 (79.0) | 44.9 | 30.9 | 21.0 | 22.6 |
Yes | 1338 (21.0) | 25.3 | 17.9 | 9.3 | 12.4 |
p-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |