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Table 3 Changes in the odds ratios of current contraceptive use by education after controlling for autonomy, at different levels of adjustment. Percentages in parentheses indicate reduction in odds ratios after adding autonomy into the model.

From: Women's autonomy, education and contraception use in Pakistan: a national study

 

Ever use

Current use

 

Without autonomy

Additionally adjusted for...

Without autonomy

Additionally adjusted for...

  

Decision autonomy

Movement autonomy

Both autonomy scores

 

Decision autonomy

Movement autonomy

Both autonomy scores

Crude model 

Education

        

   None

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

   1–5 yrs

1.96

1.85 (-11%)

1.92 (-4%)

1.83 (-10%)

1.83

1.72 (-13%)

1.79 (-5%)

1.71 (-14%)

   6–10 yrs

3.60

3.32 (-11%)

3.46 (-5%)

3.24 (-14%)

3.12

2.85 (-13%)

2.99 (-6%)

2.80 (-15%)

   11+ yrs

3.66

3.09 (-23%)

3.52 (-5%)

3.04 (-23%)

3.10

2.59 (-24%)

2.98 (-6%)

2.57 (-25%)

Adjusted for demographic factors*

Education

        

   None

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

   1–5 yrs

2.25

2.21 (-3%)

2.27 (+2%)

2.20 (-4%)

1.93

1.89 (-4%)

1.94 (+1%)

1.90 (-3%)

   6–10 yrs

4.21

4.14 (-2%)

4.22 (0%)

4.11 (-3%)

3.17

3.09 (-4%)

3.18 (0%)

3.11 (-3%)

   11+ yrs

5.35

5.07 (-6%)

5.33 (0%)

5.03 (-7%)

3.69

3.47 (-8%)

3.69 (0%)

3.51 (-7%)

Fully adjusted**

Education

        

   None

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

   1–5 yrs

1.65

1.62 (-5%)

1.65 (0%)

1.60 (-8%)

1.43

1.40 (-8%)

1.43 (0%)

1.40 (-8%)

   6–10 yrs

2.81

2.75 (-3%)

2.78 (-2%)

2.69 (-7%)

2.12

2.06 (-5%)

2.11 (-1%)

2.05 (-6%)

   11+ yrs

3.56

3.35 (-8%)

3.51 (-2%)

3.27 (-11%)

2.41

2.27 (-10%)

2.40 (-1%)

2.26 (-11%)

  1. * adjusted for province, urban/rural area of residence, age group and the number of living children
  2. ** adjusted for province, urban/rural area of residence, age group, the number of living children, type of toilet, type of house, type of water supply, education, husband education and husband occupation in agriculture.