Table 2 Risk factors of deep perineal tear
From: The outcomes of midline versus medio-lateral episiotomy
Risk factors | Univariate analysis RR (95% CI) | Multivariate analysis RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Midline episiotomy | 2.12 (1.52, 2.96)* | 1.94 (1.25, 2.99)* |
Maternal age > 35 yrs., < 20 yrs. | 0.81 (0.49, 1.33) | 0.94 (0.56, 1.59) |
Primiparity | 3.47 (2.27, 5.31)* | 3.56 (2.23, 5.69)* |
Gestational age > 41 wks. | 0 (α, α) | 8.39 (0, α) |
Maternal height ≤ 145 cm. | 2.60 (1.19, 5.67)* | 4.22 (2.01, 8.44)* |
Maternal body mass index > 25 | 0.94 (0.65, 1.36) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
Baby birth weight > 3500 gm. | 1.51 (0.99, 2.27) | 2.22 (1.46, 3.38)* |
Experienced Physician | ||
1. intern | 2.50 (0, α) | 9.45 (0, α) |
2. resident | 0.48 (0.34, 0.67) | 0.69 (0.44, 1.08) |
3. staff | 1 | 1 |
Operative vaginal delivery | ||
1. vacuum extraction | 1.92 (1.17, 3.15)* | 1.12 (0.62, 2.00) |
2. forceps extraction | 4.04 (2.70, 6.04)* | 2.82 (1.89, 4.19)* |
3. normal vg. Delivery | 1 | 1 |
Duration of second stage > 60 min | 2.30 (1.17, 4.54)* | 1.69 (0.81, 3.54) |