Table 1 Semen characteristics and reproductive hormone levels at baseline according to body mass index (BMI)
Parameter | Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | Test for trend* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
33.3 - 41.6 ( n = 14)# | 41.7 - 46.08 ( n = 14)# | 46.1 - 60.9 ( n = 15)# | P -value | |
Sperm concentration (millions/ml) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 54 (25, 102) | 24 (4, 55) | 19 (8, 33) | 0.03 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)a, b, d | 18 (3, 111) | 4 (1, 28) | 5 (1, 39) | 0.02 |
Semen volume (ml) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 2.9 (2.2, 4.0) | 3.5 (2.2, 5.8) | 3.3 (2.4, 4.0) | 0.92 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)a, b, c, d, e | 1.7 (0.8, 3.5) | 2.6 (1.3, 5.4) | 1.7 (0.7, 4.1) | 0.74 |
Total sperm count (millions) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 209 (62, 230) | 93 (11, 204) | 46 (22, 76) | 0.03 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)a, e | 70 (32, 156) | 31 (11, 90) | 23 (9, 56) | 0.02 |
Normal sperm morphology (%) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 9 (6, 11) | 5 (2, 13) | 5 (1, 9) | 0.28 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)a, c, d, e | 10 (0, 244) | 7 (0, 103) | 2 (0, 61) | 0.04 |
Motile sperm (%) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 73 (64, 77) | 57 (43, 71) | 55 (40, 67) | 0.06 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)h | 59 (21, 163) | 46 (16, 132) | 19 (7, 51) | 0.005 |
DNA fragmentation index, DFI (%) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 10 (7, 18) | 16 (12, 32) | 18 (12, 23) | 0.23 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)a, b, d, e, f | 9 (4, 19) | 12 (6, 25) | 10 (4, 24) | 0.70 |
Testosterone (nmol/L) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 9.2 (7.8, 11.4) | 8.0 (6.4, 11.0) | 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) | 0.005 |
Adjusted mean (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 8.7 (5.3, 12.2) | 9.1 (6.0, 12.2) | 6.3 (2.6, 10.1) | 0.04 |
Estradiol (nmol/L) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.15 (0.14, 0.17) | 0.19 (0.16, 0.23) | < 0.005 |
Adjusted mean (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 0.11 (0.07, 0.16) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) | < 0.005 |
SHBG (nmol/L) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 18.0 (12.4, 22.7) | 17.4 (14.7, 25.0) | 22.8 (15.2, 27.5) | 0.62 |
Adjusted mean (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 20.5 (13.0, 27.9) | 21.5 (14.9, 28.1) | 24.2 (16.1, 32.3) | 0.07 |
FSH (IU/L) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 2.8 (2.6, 3.7) | 4.5 (2.2, 5.9) | 3.2 (2.2, 3.4) | 0.36 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 2.8 (1.7, 4.6) | 3.9 (2.5, 6.2) | 2.2 (1.3, 3.9) | 0.30 |
LH (IU/L) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 3.6 (2.9, 4.6) | 4.9 (3.7, 6.8) | 3.9 (2.8, 5.2) | 0.86 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 3.1 (2.0, 4.8) | 4.7 (3.1, 7.0) | 2.9 (1.8, 4.8) | 0.60 |
Inhibin B (pg/ml) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 160 (141, 220) | 123 (117, 170) | 120 (86, 171) | 0.004 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)d, e | 156 (94, 257) | 128 (84, 195) | 110 (64, 188) | 0.04 |
AMH (ng/ml) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 3.6 (3.1, 4.3) | 2.9 (1.8, 4.0) | 3.3 (2.2, 4.9) | 0.60 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 2.8 (1.7, 4.7) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.7) | 2.5 (1.4, 4.3) | 0.68 |
Free androgen index (FAI) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 59.1 (43.2, 75.8) | 45.3 (38.9, 62.8) | 33.4 (28.7, 44.0) | 0.008 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 55.0 (36.3, 73.6) | 46.3 (29.7, 62.8) | 28.5 (8.3, 48.7) | < 0.005 |
Free testosterone/free estradiol ratio | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 95.2 (76.8, 108.4) | 56.2 (45.8, 82.8) | 35.6 (32.0, 56.1) | < 0.005 |
Adjusted median (95% CI)b, d, g | 69.4 (45.7, 105.2) | 59.5 (40.0, 88.3) | 32.5 (20.8, 51.0) | < 0.005 |
LH/free testosterone ratio | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.09) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.11) | 0.10 (0.08, 0.17) | 0.005 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)b, d, e, g | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.17) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.18) | 0.009 |
Testis volume (ml) | ||||
Median (p25, 75) | 13.5 (11.0, 14.0) | 10.0 (8.0, 17.5) | 12.0 (10.0, 15.0) | 0.80 |
Adjusted back-transformed median (95% CI)a, d, e | 8.5 (4.0, 18.5) | 8.0 (4.0, 16.0) | 10.0 (4.0, 24.0) | 0.98 |