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Table 1 Descriptive statistics for weighted sample of women across study cities in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2010

From: Interpersonal communication as an agent of normative influence: a mixed method study among the urban poor in India

 

Women with no children (n w  = 1126) % or mean (SD)

Women with 1 child only (n w  = 2003) % or mean (SD)

Women with 2 or more children (n w  = 9271) % or mean (SD)

p-value (Chi-squared or t-test)a

Age, M (SD)

23.8 (5.7)

26.5 (6.2)

34.9 (7.3)

<.001

Education (%)

   

<.001

 None

19.82

16.76

36.67

 

  <5 years

2.16

1.97

2.93

 

 5–7 years

9.44

7.16

9.66

 

 8–9 years

13.17

9.97

9.99

 

 10–11 years

12.21

12.05

11.13

 

 12+ years

43.2

52.1

29.55

 

Wealth (%)

   

<.001

 Quintile 1

15.21

12.21

19.67

 

 Quintile 2

21.29

14.84

18.86

 

 Quintile 3

18.32

18.72

20.23

 

 Quintile 4

22.61

25.17

21.03

 

 Quintile 5

22.57

29.07

20.22

 

Religion (%)

   

>.05

 Hindu

81.69

79.78

79.49

 

 Muslim & Other

18.32

20.07

20.51

 

City (%)

   

<0.001

 Agra

31.66

34.87

33.80

 

 Aligarh

17.11

12.93

17.75

 

 Allahabad

26.38

30.12

26.78

 

 Gorakhpur

24.85

22.08

21.67

 

Descriptive norms, M (SD)b

1.83 (0.59)

1.82 (0.58)

1.82 (0.54)

>.05

Injunctive norms (%)

93.56

96.82

95.50

<.001

Interpersonal communication, M (SD)c

1.92 (0.74)

2.19 (0.73)

2.26 (0.67)

<.001

Modern contraceptive use (%)

4.81

35.69

53.27

<.001

  1. aCompares differences across the three parity groups. bPerception that others in the community use family planning (4-point scale). cInterpersonal communication around family planning (8-point scale). Unweighted samples: n = 1134, n = 1749, n = 8928
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Reproductive Health

ISSN: 1742-4755