Table 2 Odds ratios for the association between various factors and attendance of four ANC visits

District

0.820

 Wolisso

1

--

 Goro

1.08 (0.58–2.01)

--

 Wonchi

0.89 (0.47–1.69)

--

Urban residence

3.69 (2.21–6.17)

<0.001

1.62 (0.84–3.14)

0.145

Non Oromo ethnicity

1.79 (0.98–3.26)

0.058

1.41 (0.78–2.54)

0.241

Household size

0.017

0.867

 2–3

2.04 (1.29–3.25)

1.14 (0.66–1.94)

 4–5

1.43 (0.91–2.24)

1.16 (0.61–2.21)

 >5

1

1

Wealth index quintile

0.001

0.015

 Lowest

1

1

 Second

2.44 (1.45–4.11)

2.29 (1.27–4.15)

 Middle

1.46 (0.75–2.85)

1.10 (0.50–2.41)

 Fourth

2.59 (1.50–4.47)

1.96 (1.04–3.68)

 Highest

5.74 (2.90–11.36)

3.53 (1.69–7.39)

Age in years

0.001

0.003

 15–24

1

1

 25–29

0.78 (0.50–1.21)

0.81 (0.47–1.38)

 30–34

0.43 (0.27–0.69)

0.37 (0.21–0.66)

 35–49

0.39 (0.24–0.64)

0.42 (0.25–0.72)

Parity

0.030

0.936

 1

1

1

 2–3

0.69 (0.42–1.13)

0.98 (0.54–1.76)

 4–5

0.58 (0.36–0.96)

1.07 (0.49–2.31)

 >5

0.37 (0.20–0.67)

0.89 (0.352.31)

Woman’s education level

0.003

0.313

 None

1

1

 Primary

1.65 (1.07–2.56)

1.00 (0.56–1.76)

 Secondary/higher

3.01 (1.70–5.33)

0.74 (0.40–1.35)

Partner’s education level

0.015

0.770

 None/no partner

1

1

 Primary

1.49 (0.86–2.59)

0.95 (0.49–1.84)

 Secondary/higher

2.48 (1.33–4.62)

0.80 (0.34–1.86)

Marital status

0.514

Married

1

--

 Single

0.72 (0.26–1.99)

--

Religion

0.566

 Orthodox Christian

1

--

 Protestant

1.27 (0.80–2.03)

--

 Muslim

1.16 (0.71–1.87)

--

Knows number of required ANC visits

3.53 (2.40–5.18)

<0.001

2.75 (1.89–4.01)

<0.001

Knows ≥3 pregnancy danger signs

1.61 (1.04–2.49)

0.032

0.90 (0.60–1.35)

0.605

Time to nearest facility

0.013

0.367

 <30 min

1

1

 30–59 min

0.55 (0.29–1.03)

0.63 (0.31–1.29)

 ≥60 min

0.37 (0.20–0 .69)

0.64 (0.32–1.29)

Perceived quality of care at nearest facility

0.035

0.220

 Average/poor/don’t know

1

1

 Good

1.34 (0.81–2.21)

1.46 (0.93–2.31)

 Excellent

2.28 (1.21–4.31)

1.72 (0.85–3.48)

Maternal health attitude score tertiles

<0.001

0.033

 Poor

1

1

 Medium

2.39 (1.54–3.69)

1.88 (1.11–3.18)

 Good

3.37 (1.93–5.86)

2.20 (1.22–3.98)