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Table 4 Associations between demographic and sex characteristics and ECP awareness, and the four intentions to use contraceptives by sex

From: Sex differences in the awareness of emergency contraceptive pills associated with unmarried Korean university students’ intention to use contraceptive methods: an online survey

Characteristic

Category

Intention to use condoms

Intention to use oral contraceptive pills

Intention to use withdrawal method

Intention to use rhythm method

Low n (%)

High n (%)

χ2 (p) or t (p)

Low n (%)

High n (%)

χ2 (p) or t (p)

Low n (%)

High n (%)

χ2 (p) or t (p)

Low n (%)

High n (%)

χ2 (p) ort (p)

Men (n = 654)

            

Age

18–23

203 (52.9)

116 (43.0)

6.22 (0.01)

189 (49.3)

130 (48.0)

0.12 (0.75)

175 (50.0)

144 (47.4)

0.45 (0.53)

195 (48.5)

124 (49.2)

0.03 (0.87)

24–40

181 (47.1)

154 (57.0)

 

194 (50.7)

141 (52.0)

 

175 (50.0)

160 (52.6)

 

207 (51.5)

128 (50.8)

 

Religion

No

137 (35.7)

86 (31.9)

1.03 (0.32)

129 (33.7)

94 (34.7)

0.07 (0.80)

111 (31.7)

112 (36.8)

1.90 (0.19)

122 (30.3)

101 (40.1)

6.53 (0.01)

Yes

247 (64.3)

184 (68.1)

 

254 (66.3)

177 (65.3)

 

239 (68.3)

192 (63.2)

 

280 (69.7)

151 (59.9)

 

Smoking

Never experienced

328 (85.4)

233 (86.3)

0.10 (0.82)

323 (84.3)

238 (87.8)

1.58 (0.21)

199 (85.4)

262 (86.2)

0.08 (0.82)

350 (87.1)

211 (83.7)

1.41 (0.25)

Smoking

56 (14.6)

37 (13.7)

 

60 (15.7)

33 (12.2)

 

51 (14.6)

42 (13.8)

 

52 (12.9)

41 (16.3)

 

Alcohol drinking

Rare

222 (57.8)

147 (54.4)

0.73 (0.42)

213 (55.6)

156 (57.6)

0.25 (0.63)

199 (56.9)

170 (55.9)

0.06 (0.81)

227 (56.5)

142 (56.3)

0.00 (1.00)

Over 1/week

162 (42.2)

123 (45.6)

 

170 (44.4)

115 (42.2)

 

151 (43.1)

134 (44.1)

 

175 (43.5)

110 (43.7)

 

Sexual experience

Never experienced

143 (37.2)

53 (19.6)

23.42 (<0.001)

106 (27.7)

90 (22.2)

2.32 (0.14)

101 (28.9)

95 (31.2)

0.44 (0.55)

108 (26.9)

88 (34.9)

4.79 (0.04)

Experienced

241 (62.8)

217 (80.4)

 

277 (72.3)

181 (66.8)

 

249 (71.1)

209 (68.8)

 

294 (73.1)

164 (65.1)

 

Numbers of sexual partner (n = 458)

One

84 (34.9)

88 (40.6)

1.58 (0.21)

106 (38.3)

66 (36.5)

0.15 (0.77)

107 (43.0)

65 (31.1)

6.83 (0.01)

120 (40.8)

52 (31.7)

3.73 (0.06)

Multiple

157 (65.1)

129 (59.4)

 

171 (61.7)

115 (63.5)

 

142 (57.0)

144 (68.9)

 

174 (59.2)

112 (68.3)

 

Previous STI (n = 458)

No

231 (95.9)

214 (98.6)

3.17 (0.09)

269 (97.1)

176 (97.2)

0.01 (1.00)

244 (98.0)

201 (96.2)

1.36 (0.27)

288 (98.0)

157 (95.7)

1.89 (0.24)

Yes

10 (4.1)

3 (1.4)

 

8 (2.9)

5 (2.8)

 

5 (2.0)

8 (3.8)

 

6 (2.0)

7 (4.3)

 

Previous ECP use

No

341 (88.8)

239 (88.5)

0.01 (0.90)

343 (89.6)

237 (87.5)

0.70 (0.45)

315 (90.0)

265 (87.2)

1.30 (0.27)

360 (89.6)

220 (87.3)

0.78 (0.38)

Yes

43 (11.2)

31 (11.5)

 

40 (10.4)

34 (12.5)

 

35 (10.0)

39 (12.8)

 

42 (10.4)

32 (12.7)

 

Previous condom use

No

153 (39.8)

54 (20.0)

28.86 (<0.001)

113 (29.5)

94 (34.7)

1.97 (0.17)

104 (29.7)

103 (33.9)

1.31 (0.27)

112 (27.9)

95 (37.7)

6.93 (0.01)

Yes

231 (60.2)

216 (80.0)

 

270 (70.5)

177 (65.3)

 

246 (70.3)

201 (66.1)

 

290 (72.1)

157 (62.3)

 

Previous use of oral contraceptive pills

No

343 (89.3)

238 (88.1)

0.22 (0.71)

357 (93.2)

224 (82.7)

17.83 (<0.001)

298 (85.1)

283 (93.1)

10.37 (<0.001)

347 (86.3)

234 (92.9)

6.68 (0.01)

Yes

41 (10.7)

32 (11.9)

 

26 (6.8)

47 (17.3)

 

52 (14.9)

21 (6.9)

 

55 (13.7)

18 (7.1)

 

Previous use of withdrawal method

No

304 (79.2)

222 (82.2)

0.94 (0.37)

313 (81.7)

213 (78.6)

0.99 (0.37)

316 (90.3)

210 (69.1)

46.48 (<0.001)

337 (83.8)

189 (75.0)

7.67 (0.01)

Yes

80 (20.8)

48 (17.8)

 

70 (18.3)

58 (21.4)

 

34 (9.7)

94 (30.9)

 

65 (16.2)

63 (25.0)

 

Previous use of rhythm method

No

281 (73.2)

196 (72.6)

0.03 (0.93)

278 (72.6)

199 (73.4)

0.06 (0.86)

266 (76.0)

211 (69.4)

3.58 (0.06)

324 (80.6)

153 (60.7)

31.02 (<0.001)

Yes

103 (26.8)

74 (27.4)

 

105 (27.4)

72 (26.6)

 

84 (24.0)

93 (30.6)

 

78 (19.4)

99 (39.3)

 

Previous unwanted sex (n = 458)

No

221 (91.7)

205 (94.5)

0.22 (0.71)

265 (95.7)

161 (89.0)

7.60 (0.01)

237 (95.2)

189 (90.4)

3.95 (0.06)

276 (93.9)

150 (91.5)

0.94 (0.34)

Yes

20 (8.3)

12 (5.5)

 

12 (4.3)

20 (11.0)

 

12 (4.8)

20 (9.6)

 

18 (6.1)

14 (8.5)

 

Previous unwanted pregnancy (n = 458)

No

224 (92.9)

210 (96.8)

3.37 (0.09)

264 (95.3)

170 (93.9)

0.42 (0.53)

239 (96.0)

195 (93.3)

1.65 (0.21)

282 (95.9)

152 (92.7)

2.22 (0.19)

Yes

17 (7.1)

7 (3.2)

 

13 (4.7)

11 (6.1)

 

10 (4.0)

14 (6.7)

 

12 (4.1)

12 (7.3)

 

Previous abortion (n = 458)

No

229 (95.0)

216 (99.5)

8.45 (<0.01)

271 (97.8)

174 (96.1)

1.15 (0.39)

245 (98.4)

200 (95.7)

3.00 (0.10)

288 (98.0)

157 (95.7)

1.89 (0.24)

Yes

12 (5.0)

1 (0.5)

 

6 (2.2)

7 (3.9)

 

4 (1.6)

9 (4.3)

 

6 (2.0)

7 (4.3)

 

ECP use is necessary

Disagree

8 (2.1)

7 (2.6)

0.18 (0.79)

12 (3.1)

3 (1.1)

2.91 (0.11)

6 (1.7)

9 (3.0)

1.13 (0.31)

10 (2.5)

5 (2.0)

0.18 (0.79)

Agree

376 (97.9)

263 (97.4)

 

371 (96.9)

268 (98.9)

 

344 (98.3)

295 (97.0)

 

392 (97.5)

247 (98.0)

 

ECP should be available OTC

Disagree

158 (41.1)

96 (35.6)

2.09 (0.17)

154 (40.2)

100 (36.9)

0.73 (0.42)

123 (35.1)

131 (43.1)

4.33 (0.04)

150 (37.3)

104 (41.3)

1.02 (0.32)

Agree

226 (58.9)

174 (64.4)

 

229 (59.8)

171 (63.1)

 

227 (64.9)

173 (56.9)

 

252 (62.7)

148 (58.7)

 

ECP should be prescribed by a doctor

Disagree

244 (63.5)

170 (63.0)

0.02 (0.93)

230 (60.1)

184 (67.9)

4.20 (0.05)

216 (61.7)

198 (65.1)

0.82 (0.37)

250 (62.2)

164 (65.1)

0.56 (0.51)

Agree

140 (36.5)

100 (37.0)

 

153 (39.9)

87 (32.1)

 

134 (38.3)

106 (34.9)

 

152 (37.8)

88 (34.9)

 

ECP is necessary for women’s health

Disagree

93 (24.2)

53 (19.6)

1.93 (0.18)

86 (22.5)

60 (22.1)

0.01 (1.00)

72 (20.6)

74 (24.3)

1.33 (0.26)

80 (19.9)

66 (26.2)

3.53 (0.07)

Agree

291 (75.8)

217 (80.4)

 

297 (77.5)

211 (77.9)

 

278 (79.4)

230 (75.7)

 

322 (80.1)

186 (73.8)

 

Rape

Disagree

2 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

1.41 (0.51)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

0.06 (1.00)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.3)

0.01 (1.00)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

3.20 (0.15)

Agree

382 (99.5)

270 (100.0)

 

382 (99.7)

270 (99.6)

 

349 (99.7)

303 (99.7)

 

402 (100.0)

250 (99.2)

 

Condom breakage

Disagree

67 (17.4)

21 (7.8)

12.73 (<0.001)

59 (15.4)

29 (10.7)

3.02 (0.10)

37 (10.6)

51 (16.8)

5.38 (0.02)

49 (12.2)

39 (15.5)

1.44 (0.24)

Agree

317 (82.6)

249 (92.2)

 

324 (84.6)

242 (89.3)

 

313 (89.4)

253 (83.2)

 

353 (87.8)

213 (84.5)

 

Unwanted sex

Disagree

39 (10.2)

23 (8.5)

0.50 (0.50)

43 (11.2)

19 (7.0)

3.29 (0.08)

28 (8.0)

34 (11.2)

1.92 (0.18)

36 (9.0)

26 (10.3)

0.34 (0.59)

Agree

345 (89.8)

247 (91.5)

 

340 (88.8)

252 (93.0)

 

322 (92.0)

270 (88.8)

 

366 (91.0)

226 (89.7)

 

ECP reduce unwanted pregnancy

Disagree

41 (10.7)

18 (6.7)

3.11 (0.10)

35 (9.1)

24 (8.9)

0.02 (1.00)

25 (7.1)

34 (11.2)

3.24 (0.15)

34 (8.5)

25 (9.9)

0.40 (0.58)

Agree

343 (89.3)

252 (93.3)

 

348 (90.9)

247 (91.1)

 

325 (92.9)

270 (88.8)

 

368 (91.5)

227 (90.1)

 

ECP can cause sex with multiple partners

Disagree

267 (69.5)

191 (70.7)

0.11 (0.80)

263 (68.7)

195 (72.0)

0.82 (0.39)

254 (72.6)

204 (67.1)

2.32 (0.15)

296 (73.6)

162 (64.3)

6.45 (0.01)

Agree

117 (30.5)

79 (29.3)

 

120 (31.3)

76 (28.0)

 

96 (27.4)

100 (32.9)

 

106 (26.4)

90 (35.7)

 

Maximum time to take ECP

Incorrect

257 (66.9)

177 (65.6)

0.13 (0.74)

261 (68.1)

173 (63.8)

1.32 (0.28)

225 (64.3)

209 (68.8)

1.45 (0.25)

264 (65.7)

170 (67.5)

0.22 (0.67)

Correct

127 (33.1)

93 (34.4)

 

122 (31.9)

98 (36.2)

 

125 (35.7)

95 (31.2)

 

138 (34.3)

82 (32.5)

 

Women (n = 556)

            

Age

18–22

213 (60.5)

132 (64.7)

0.97 (0.37)

187 (59.7)

158 (65.0)

1.62 (0.22)

170 (63.7)

175 (60.6)

0.57 (0.48)

199 (61.8)

146 (62.4)

0.02 (0.93)

23–41

139 (39.5)

72 (35.3)

 

126 (40.3)

85 (35.0)

 

97 (36.3)

114 (39.4)

 

123 (38.2)

88 (37.6)

 

Religion

No

153 (43.5)

71 (34.8)

4.03 (0.05)

132 (42.2)

92 (37.9)

1.06 (0.34)

97 (36.3)

127 (43.9)

3.35 (0.07)

121 (37.6)

103 (44.0)

2.34 (0.14)

Yes

199 (56.5)

133 (65.2)

 

181 (57.8)

151 (62.1)

 

170 (63.7)

162 (56.1)

 

201 (62.4)

131 (56.0)

 

Smoking

Nonsmoking

335 (95.2)

193 (94.6)

0.09 (0.84)

301 (96.2)

227 (93.4)

2.16 (0.17)

251 (94.0)

277 (95.8)

0.98 (0.34)

301 (93.5)

227 (97.0)

3.53 (0.08)

smoking

17 (4.8)

11 (5.4)

 

12 (3.8)

16 (6.6)

 

16 (6.0)

12 (4.2)

 

21 (6.5)

7 (3.0)

 

Alcohol drinking

Rare

253 (71.9)

142 (69.6)

0.32 (0.63)

227 (72.5)

168 (69.1)

0.76 (0.40)

185 (69.3)

210 (72.7)

0.77 (0.40)

223 (69.3)

172 (73.5)

1.19 (0.30)

Over 1/week

99 (28.1)

62 (30.4)

 

86 (27.5)

75 (30.9)

 

82 (30.7)

79 (27.3)

 

99 (30.7)

62 (26.5)

 

Sexual experience

Never experienced

156 (44.3)

59 (28.9)

12.91 (<0.001)

119 (38.0)

96 (39.5)

0.13 (0.73)

100 (37.5)

115 (39.8)

0.32 (0.60)

112 (34.8)

103 (44.0)

4.87 (0.03)

Experienced

196 (55.7)

145 (71.1)

 

194 (62.0)

147 (60.5)

 

167 (62.5)

174 (60.2)

 

210 (65.2)

131 (56.0)

 

Numbers of sexual partner (n = 341)

One

83 (42.3)

68 (46.9)

0.70 (0.44)

88 (45.4)

63 (42.9)

0.21 (0.66)

79 (47.3)

72 (41.4)

1.21 (0.28)

91 (43.3)

60 (45.8)

0.20 (0.66)

Multiple

113 (57.7)

77 (53.1)

 

106 (54.6)

84 (57.1)

 

88 (52.7)

102 (58.6)

 

119 (56.7)

71 (54.2)

 

Previous STI (n = 341)

No

182 (92.9)

138 (95.2)

0.77 (0.50)

182 (93.8)

138 (93.9)

0.00 (1.00)

161 (96.4)

159 (91.4)

3.73 (0.07)

198 (94.3)

122 (93.1)

0.19 (0.65)

Yes

14 (7.1)

7 (4.8)

 

12 (6.2)

9 (6.1)

 

6 (3.6)

15 (8.6)

 

12 (5.7)

9 (6.9)

 

Previous ECP use

No

295 (83.8)

153 (75.0)

6.40 (0.01)

253 (80.8)

195 (80.2)

0.03 (0.91)

219 (82.0)

229 (79.2)

0.69 (0.45)

252 (78.3)

196 (83.8)

2.62 (0.13)

Yes

57 (16.2)

51 (25.0)

 

60 (19.2)

48 (19.8)

 

48 (18.0)

60 (20.8)

 

70 (21.7)

38 (16.2)

 

Previous condom use

No

174 (49.4)

60 (29.4)

21.24 (<0.001)

129 (41.2)

105 (43.2)

0.22 (0.67)

108 (40.4)

126 (43.6)

0.57 (0.49)

115 (35.7)

119 (50.9)

12.75 (<0.001)

Yes

178 (50.6)

144 (70.6)

 

184 (58.8)

138 (56.8)

 

159 (59.6)

163 (56.4)

 

207 (64.3)

115 (49.1)

Previous use of oral contraceptive pills

No

289 (82.1)

170 (83.3)

0.14 (0.73)

291 (93.0)

168 (69.1)

53.96 (<0.001)

213 (79.8)

246 (85.1)

2.75 (0.12)

250 (77.6)

209 (89.3)

12.83 (<0.001)

Yes

63 (17.9)

34 (16.7)

 

22 (7.0)

75 (30.9)

54 (20.2)

43 (14.9)

 

72 (22.4)

25 (10.7)

Previous use of withdrawal method

No

290 (82.4)

167 (81.9)

0.02 (0.91)

249 (79.6)

208 (85.6)

3.41 (0.07)

240 (89.9)

217 (75.1)

20.77 (<0.001)

279 (86.6)

178 (76.1)

10.36 (<0.01)

Yes

62 (17.6)

37 (18.1)

 

64 (20.4)

35 (14.4)

 

27 (10.1)

72 (24.9)

43 (13.4)

56 (23.9)

 

Previous use of rhythm method

No

271 (77.0)

137 (67.2)

6.39 (0.01)

220 (70.3)

188 (77.4)

3.51 (0.07)

202 (75.7)

206 (71.3)

1.36 (0.25)

263 (81.7)

145 (62.0)

26.96 (<0.001)

Yes

81 (23.0)

67 (32.8)

 

93 (29.7)

55 (22.6)

 

65 (24.3)

83 (28.7)

 

59 (18.3)

89 (38.0)

Previous unwanted sex (n = 341)

No

156 (79.6)

120 (82.8)

0.54 (0.49)

165 (85.1)

111 (75.5)

4.94 (0.04)

133 (79.6)

143 (82.2)

0.36 (0.58)

170 (81.0)

106 (80.9)

0.00 (1.00)

Yes

40 (20.4)

25 (17.2)

 

29 (14.9)

36 (24.5)

 

34 (20.4)

31 (17.8)

 

40 (19.0)

25 (19.1)

 

Previous unwanted pregnancy (n = 341)

No

180 (91.8)

142 (97.9)

5.88 (0.02)

186 (95.9)

136 (92.5)

1.79 (0.23)

159 (95.2)

163 (93.7)

0.38 (0.64)

199 (94.8)

123 (93.9)

0.12 (0.81)

Yes

16 (8.2)

3 (2.1)

 

8 (4.1)

11 (7.5)

 

8 (4.8)

11 (6.3)

 

11 (5.2)

8 (6.1)

 

Previous abortion (n = 341)

No

181 (92.3)

144 (99.3)

9.04 (<0.01)

188 (96.9)

137 (93.2)

2.57 (0.13)

161 (96.4)

164 (94.3)

0.88 (0.45)

200 (95.2)

125 (95.4)

0.01 (1.00)

Yes

15 (7.7)

1 (0.7)

 

6 (3.1)

10 (6.8)

 

6 (3.6)

10 (5.7)

 

10 (4.8)

6 (4.6)

 

ECP use is necessary

Disagree

2 (0.6)

3 (1.5)

1.18 (0.36)

4 (1.3)

1 (0.4)

1.15 (0.39)

2 (0.7)

3 (1.0)

0.13 (1.00)

1 (0.3)

4 (1.7)

2.98 (0.17)

Agree

350 (99.4)

201 (98.5)

 

309 (98.7)

242 (99.6)

 

265 (99.3)

286 (99.0)

 

321 (99.7)

230 (98.3)

 

ECP should be available OTC

Disagree

151 (42.9)

82 (40.2)

0.39 (0.59)

137 (43.8)

96 (39.5)

1.02 (0.34)

110 (41.2)

123 (42.6)

0.11 (0.80)

138 (42.9)

95 (40.6)

0.28 (0.60)

Agree

201 (57.1)

122 (59.8)

 

176 (56.2)

147 (60.5)

 

157 (58.8)

166 (57.4)

 

184 (57.1)

139 (59.4)

 

ECP should be prescribed by a doctor

Disagree

203 (57.7)

116 (56.9)

0.03 (0.86)

172 (55.0)

147 (60.5)

1.72 (0.20)

145 (54.3)

174 (60.2)

1.98 (0.17)

171 (53.1)

148 (63.2)

5.70 (0.02)

Agree

149 (42.3)

88 (43.1)

 

141 (45.0)

96 (39.5)

 

122 (45.7)

115 (39.8)

 

151 (46.9)

86 (36.8)

 

ECP is necessary for women’s health

Disagree

63 (17.9)

35 (17.2)

0.05 (0.91)

55 (17.6)

43 (17.7)

0.00 (1.00)

46 (17.2)

52 (18.0)

0.06 (0.83)

63 (19.6)

35 (15.0)

1.98 (0.18)

Agree

289 (82.1)

169 (82.8)

 

258 (82.4)

200 (82.3)

 

221 (82.8)

237 (82.0)

 

259 (80.4)

199 (85.0)

 

Rape

Disagree

1 (0.3)

1 (0.5)

0.15 (1.00)

2 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

1.56 (0.51)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.7)

1.85 (0.50)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

0.05 (1.00)

Agree

351 (99.7)

203 (99.5)

 

311 (99.4)

243 (100.0)

 

267 (100.0)

287 (99.3)

 

321 (99.7)

233 (99.6)

 

Condom breakage

Disagree

68 (19.3)

23 (11.3)

6.11 (0.02)

60 (19.2)

31 (12.8)

4.11 (0.05)

35 (13.1)

56 (19.4)

3.98 (0.05)

42 (13.0)

49 (20.9)

6.17 (0.02)

Agree

284 (80.7)

181 (88.7)

 

253 (80.8)

212 (87.2)

 

232 (86.9)

233 (80.6)

 

280 (87.0)

185 (79.1)

 

Unwanted sex

Disagree

25 (7.1)

14 (6.9)

0.11 (1.00)

27 (8.6)

12 (4.9)

2.85 (0.10)

17 (6.4)

22 (7.6)

.033 (0.62)

21 (6.5)

18 (7.7)

0.29 (0.62)

Agree

327 (92.9)

190 (93.1)

 

286 (91.4)

231 (95.1)

 

250 (93.6)

267 (92.4)

 

301 (93.5)

216 (92.3)

 

ECP reduce unwanted pregnancy

Disagree

27 (7.7)

13 (6.4)

0.33 (0.61)

22 (7.0)

18 (7.4)

0.03 (0.87)

18 (6.7)

22 (7.6)

17 (5.3)

17 (5.3)

23 (9.8)

4.20 (0.05)

Agree

325 (92.3)

191 (93.6)

 

291 (93.0)

225 (92.6)

 

249 (93.3)

267 (92.4)

 

305 (94.7)

211 (90.2)

 

ECP can cause sexwith multiple partners

Disagree

227 (64.5)

141 (69.1)

1.24 (0.31)

197 (62.9)

171 (70.4)

3.38 (0.07)

181 (67.8)

187 (64.7)

0.59 (0.47)

220 (68.3)

148 (63.2)

1.56 (0.24)

Agree

125 (35.5)

63 (30.9)

 

116 (37.1)

72 (29.6)

 

86 (32.2)

102 (35.3)

 

102 (31.7)

86 (36.8)

 

Maximum time to take ECP time

Incorrect

226 (64.2)

126 (61.8)

0.33 (0.59)

202 (64.5)

150 (61.7)

0.46 (0.54)

160 (59.9)

192 (66.4)

2.53 (0.11)

196 (60.9)

156 (66.7)

1.96 (0.18)

Correct

126 (35.8)

78 (38.2)

 

111 (35.5)

93 (38.3)

 

107 (40.1)

97 (33.6)

 

126 (39.1)

78 (33.3)

 
  1. STI sexually transmitted infection; OTC over the counter; ECP emergency contraceptive pills