Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the total sample^a by year

Age

-

-

-

-

 Mean

16.9

16.1

16.6

16.6

16.4

16.1

16.3

16.2

16.6

16.1

16.4

16.4

 Standard deviation

3.3

1.9

2.0

2.5

2.6

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.9

1.9

1.9

2.3

Gender

 Male

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

46.7

49.1

47.0

47.6

 Female

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

53.3

50.9

53.0

52.4

Race

 Black African

74.7

78.7

82.4

78.7

73.5

79.1

82.3

78.3

74.1

78.5

82.4

78.4

 Coloured

14.4

13.7

10.1

12.6

15.6

14.8

10.0

13.4

15.0

14.2

10.0

13.0

 Indian

1.4

0.9

1.4

1.2

1.2

0.8

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.3

 White

8.4

6.0

4.7

6.4

8.8

4.4

5.3

6.2

8.7

5.3

5.1

6.3

 Other

1.1

0.7

1.4

1.1

0.9

0.9

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.8

1.2

1.0

Socio-economic status

 Father has paid job 5 or more days a week

41.1

40.5

37.9

39.8

40.2

38.1

36.4

38.2

40.6

39.4

37.1

39.0

 Yes, works less than 5 days a week

8.6

9.2

8.5

8.7

8.5

7.4

7.4

7.7

8.5

8.3

7.9

8.2

 No, he gets a social grant

^b

7.0

7.3

10.6

^b

7.3

7.3

10.7

^b

7.1

7.3

10.6

 No, he is unemployed

17.5

10.9

11.1

8.2

17.4

12.2

12.0

8.9

17.5

11.6

11.6

8.6

 No, he is ill or disabled

2.6

1.4

1.1

2.7

2.7

1.6

0.9

2.2

2.6

1.5

1.0

2.4

 No, he has retired

5.5

3.5

3.0

7.6

4.1

2.7

2.3

7.9

4.8

3.1

2.6

7.7

 My father is deceased

16.5

10.0

13.3

10.6

18.4

13.0

14.7

12.1

17.5

11.5

14.1

11.4

 I don’t know

8.2

17.4

17.8

11.8

8.7

17.8

19.0

12.1

8.5

17.6

18.4

12.0

 Mother has paid job 5 or more days

29.8

32.4

31.2

31.2

32.4

30.8

31.1

31.4

31.2

31.7

31.1

31.3

 Yes, works less than 5 days a week

12.6

12.7

12.3

12.5

11.1

12.1

10.8

11.3

11.8

12.4

11.5

11.9

 No, she gets a social grant

23.3

9.5

10.7

14.4

24.8

11.6

12.1

16.3

24.1

10.5

11.4

15.4

 No, she is a housewife

20.0

21.9

20.5

20.8

19.6

24.1

23.8

22.5

19.9

22.9

22.2

21.7

 No, she is ill or disabled

2.1

2.0

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.9

 No, she has retired

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.7

2.3

2.5

3.1

2.6

2.9

3.1

3.4

3.1

 My mother is deceased

4.8

5.5

7.4

5.9

5.1

6.5

7.8

6.5

5.0

6.0

7.6

6.2

 I don’t know

3.6

12.2

12.5

9.5

2.8

10.6

9.7

7.6

3.2

11.4

11.0

8.5

Sexual behaviours

 Ever had sex

50.9

45.1

45.2

47.0

34.0

30.1

29.8

31.3

41.9

37.6

36.9

38.8

  ^aEver been pregnant

11.0

10.7

11.6

11.1

11.2

11.2

10.3

10.9

11.1

11.0

10.9

11.0

Violent behaviours

 Ever been hit by boyfriend or girlfriend

15.3

24.7

19.2

19.2

13.6

21.1

17.2

16.6

14.4

23.0

18.2

17.9

 Ever hit your boyfriend or girlfriend

15.6

21.8

18.1

18.2

11.4

17.6

13.9

13.8

13.4

19.7

15.9

15.9

 Ever been forced to have sex

8.7

10.9

10.7

10.1

10.7

8.7

8.3

9.2

9.8

9.9

9.4

9.7

 Ever forced someone to have sex

9.7

11.6

11.3

10.9

6.3

6.4

5.1

5.9

7.9

9.0

8.0

8.3

Cigarette smoking

 0 days

67.1

71.5

75.4

71.4

79.9

83.1

86.1

83.1

73.9

77.2

81.1

77.5

 1 or more days

32.9

28.5

24.6

28.6

20.1

16.9

13.9

16.9

26.1

22.8

18.9

22.5

Alcohol use

 1 or more days

58.9

58.4

57.6

58.3

49.1

47.3

50.4

49.0

53.7

52.6

46.2

50.8

Binge drinking

 1 or more day

31.7

36.8

33.7

34.1

21.1

24.9

24.0

23.3

26.1

30.8

28.6

28.5

Drugs

 Marijuana

23.4

19.8

19.6

20.9

9.6

8.8

7.6

8.7

16.1

14.4

13.2

14.6

 Sniffed glue

11.7

14.7

13.9

13.5

7.5

7.5

6.7

7.2

9.5

11.4

10.1

10.3

 Mandrax

7.7

9.4

8.1

8.4

4.3

6.1

3.2

4.5

5.9

8.2

5.5

6.5

 Cocaine

7.3

8.8

7.7

7.9

3.8

4.1

3.2

3.7

5.4

6.9

5.3

5.9

 Heroin

11.1

7.6

8.5

9.1

9.1

4.4

2.9

5.4

10.0

6.4

5.5

7.3

 Injection

7.6

9.2

8.9

8.6

4.9

5.1

3.7

4.5

6.2

7.5

6.1

6.6

 Other

7.5

9.3

5.8

7.5

4.6

4.5

2.4

3.8

6.0

7.3

4.0

5.7

Psychological well-being

 Ever had serious sad and hopeless feelings

24.8

24.5

24.3

24.5

25.1

24.0

25.7

24.9

25.0

24.4

25.0

24.8

 Suicidal

17.3

18.4

16.3

17.3

21.8

23.2

21.0

22.0

19.7

21.1

18.8

19.9