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Table 3 ACS administration characteristics in neonatal deaths <28 days compared to survivors at 28 days by prematurity among those identified by the intervention who received steroids

From: The Antenatal Corticosteroids Trial (ACT)’s explanations for neonatal mortality - a secondary analysis

Characteristic- n (%)

Preterm

Term

Totalb

ND

<28d

LB, alive

at 28d

Pa

ND

< 28d

LB, alive

at 28d

Pa

ND

< 28d

LB, alive

at 28d

Pa

Women, N

204

1639

 

100

3672

 

304

5311

 

Time since 1st dose to delivery

203

1633

*

98

3597

*

301

5230

**

 Less Than 2 Days

101 (49.8)

765 (46.8)

 

16 (16.3)

411 (11.4)

 

117 (38.9)

1176 (22.5)

 

 2–7 Days

48 (23.6)

263 (16.1)

 

10 (10.2)

232 (6.4)

 

58 (19.3)

495 (9.5)

 

 8–30 Days

26 (12.8)

279 (17.1)

 

14 (14.3)

808 (22.5)

 

40 (13.3)

1087 (20.8)

 

 More than 1 month

28 (13.8)

326 (20.0)

 

58 (59.2)

2146 (59.7)

 

86 (28.6)

2472 (47.3)

 

Doses of 6 mg Dexamethasone Received

193

1569

 

99

3626

 

292

5195

**

 1 dose

82 (42.5)

622 (39.6)

 

13 (13.1)

464 (12.8)

 

95 (32.5)

1086 (20.9)

 

 2 doses

16 (8.3)

120 (7.6)

 

7 (7.1)

141 (3.9)

 

23 (7.9)

261 (5.0)

 

 3 doses

7 (3.6)

64 (4.1)

 

0 (0.0)

68 (1.9)

 

7 (2.4)

132 (2.5)

 

 4 doses

88 (45.6)

763 (48.6)

 

79 (79.8)

2953 (81.4)

 

167 (57.2)

3716 (71.5)

 

Maternal conditions at moment of receiving corticosteroids

204

1639

 

100

3672

 

304

5311

 

 Signs of preterm labor

139 (68.1)

1208 (73.7)

*

74 (74.0)

2910 (79.2)

*

213 (70.1)

4118 (77.5)

*

 PPROM

45 (22.1)

390 (23.8)

 

16 (16.0)

627 (17.1)

 

61 (20.1)

1017 (19.1)

 

 Hemorrhage

31 (15.2)

128 (7.8)

**

4 (4.0)

191 (5.2)

 

35 (11.5)

319 (6.0)

**

 Hypertension

32 (15.7)

233 (14.2)

 

24 (24.0)

531 (14.5)

**

56 (18.4)

764 (14.4)

 

 Other

5 (2.5)

39 (2.4)

 

1 (1.0)

128 (3.5)

 

6 (2.0)

167 (3.1)

 

Where was the woman first identified?

204

1639

 

100

3672

 

304

5311

 

 Community level

109 (53.4)

897 (54.7)

 

72 (72.0)

2322 (63.2)

 

181 (59.5)

3219 (60.6)

 

 Primary health care

69 (33.8)

463 (28.2)

 

22 (22.0)

934 (25.4)

 

91 (29.9)

1397 (26.3)

 

 Hospital

26 (12.7)

279 (17.0)

 

6 (6.0)

416 (11.3)

 

32 (10.5)

695 (13.1)

 

Where was the injection given, N

204

1639

 

100

3672

 

304

5311

 

 1st dose

204

1639

 

100

3672

 

304

5311

 

  Home

32 (15.7)

280 (17.1)

 

19 (19.0)

820 (22.3)

 

51 (16.8)

1100 (20.7)

 

  Health Center

139 (68.1)

950 (58.0)

 

72 (72.0)

2332 (63.5)

 

211 (69.4)

3282 (61.8)

 

  Hospital

33 (16.2)

409 (25.0)

 

9 (9.0)

520 (14.2)

 

42 (13.8)

929 (17.5)

 

 2nd dose

118

974

 

86

3198

 

204

4172

 

  Home

31 (26.3)

317 (32.5)

 

30 (34.9)

1184 (37.0)

 

61 (29.9)

1501 (36.0)

 

  Health Center

50 (42.4)

401 (41.2)

 

48 (55.8)

1523 (47.6)

 

98 (48.0)

1924 (46.1)

 

  Hospital

37 (31.4)

256 (26.3)

 

8 (9.3)

491 (15.4)

 

45 (22.1)

747 (17.9)

 
  1. a P-value for a binary outcome of death are from generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations to estimate parameters while controlling for cluster correlations. All models are also adjusted for clinical site. In a few instances with small cell counts, p-values are calculated from CMH test adjusted for clinical site ‘*’ indicates statistical significance between 0.0001 to <0.05. ‘**’ indicates statistical significance <0.0001, and blank indicates non-significance
  2. bLimited to live births with prematurity status available (5615/6109 (92 %) of women in the intervention group who were identified as high risk for preterm birth and received steroids)