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Table 4 Maternal, delivery and neonatal characteristics of live born infants 2010–2013 by site

From: Trends in the incidence of possible severe bacterial infection and case fatality rates in rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America, 2010–2013: a multicenter prospective cohort study

Characteristic, n (%)

Argentina

Guatemala

Kenya

Zambia

Belgaum, India

Nagpur, India

Pakistan

Number of live births

7,888

26,022

33,724

26,272

77,440

38,303

38,890

MATERNAL

Maternal age, y

 Mean (SD)

24.5 (6.6)

26.1 (6.6)

24.2 (5.6)

24.7 (6.6)

22.7 (3.0)

23.5 (2.9)

27.6 (4.8)

  < 20

2,156 (27)

4,299 (17)

7,308 (22)

6,633 (25)

7,377 (10)

750 (2)

1,446 (4)

 20–35

5,114 (65)

19,034 (73)

24,970 (74)

17,528 (67)

69,860 (90)

37,419 (98)

35,150 (91)

  > 35

587 (7)

2,675 (10)

1,391 (4)

2,060 (8)

129 (< 1)

106 (< 1)

2,149 (6)

Maternal education - highest level

 No formal schooling

201 (3)

4,828 (19)

1,013 (3)

2,691 (10)

15,758 (21)

1,169 (3)

32,284 (83)

 Primary

4,893 (63)

16,343 (63)

23,937 (71)

14,328 (55)

25,497 (33)

6,604 (17)

2,917 (8)

 Secondary

2,617 (33)

4,563 (18)

7,479 (22)

8,608 (33)

28,432 (37)

22,752 (59)

2,234 (6)

 University

117 (1)

277 (1)

1,248 (4)

468 (2)

7,154 (9)

7,731 (20)

1,287 (3)

One or more antenatal visit

 Yes

7,445 (95)

25,582 (98)

32,838 (97)

26,139 (100)

77,186 (100)

38,259 (100)

32,842 (85)

 No

357 (5)

411 (2)

867 (3)

111 (< 1)

56 (< 1)

16 (< 1)

5,908 (15)

DELIVERY

Mode of delivery

 Vaginal

5,072 (64)

20,596 (79)

33,195 (98)

25,976 (99)

66,242 (86)

30,625 (80)

35,584 (92)

 Cesarean section

2,813 (36)

5,425 (21)

529 (2)

296 (1)

11,198 (14)

7,678 (20)

3,304 (8)

Location of delivery

 Hospital

7,805 (99)

11,534 (44)

4,524 (13)

3,368 (13)

52,519 (68)

26,131 (68)

10,679 (27)

 Clinic/health center

18 (< 1)

1,307 (5)

10,054 (30)

13,131 (50)

20,352 (26)

10,699 (28)

9,932 (26)

 Home

36 (< 1)

13,131 (50)

18,885 (56)

9,501 (36)

4,234 (5)

1,454 (4)

18,075 (46)

 Other

24 (< 1)

50 (< 1)

260 (1)

272 (1)

297 (< 1)

17 (< 1)

187 (< 1)

Clean razor used to cut cord

 Yes

7,845 (100)

16,171 (68)

33,587 (100)

25,791 (99)

75,907 (100)

38,047 (100)

38,451 (99)

 No

24 (< 1)

7,522 (32)

130 (< 1)

281 (1)

274 (< 1)

108 (< 1)

393 (1)

Birth attendant used new gloves

 Yes

7,840 (100)

25,457 (99)

33,189 (98)

25,814 (99)

75,140 (97)

37,383 (99)

30,312 (78)

 No

33 (< 1)

303 (1)

528 (2)

246 (1)

1,955 (3)

472 (1)

8,530 (22)

NEONATAL

Multiple birth

 Yes

104 (1)

347 (1)

769 (2)

430 (2)

1,067 (1)

565 (1)

796 (2)

 No

7,767 (99)

25,675 (99)

32,953 (98)

25,842 (98)

76,367 (99)

37,728 (99)

38,065 (98)

Infant sex

 Male

4,071 (52)

13,254 (51)

17,092 (51)

13,830 (53)

40,211 (52)

19,966 (52)

20,369 (52)

 Female

3,810 (48)

12,764 (49)

16,632 (49)

12,431 (47)

37,227 (48)

18,333 (48)

18,509 (48)

Birth weight, g

  < 1500

64 (1)

155 (1)

61 (< 1)

96 (< 1)

612 (1)

355 (1)

257 (1)

 1500–2499

399 (5)

3,228 (12)

892 (3)

1,212 (5)

9,806 (13)

5,439 (14)

5,579 (14)

 2500–2999

1,384 (18)

10,151 (39)

6,607 (20)

6,854 (26)

38,785 (50)

22,551 (59)

15,019 (39)

 3000–3499

3,121 (40)

9,375 (36)

15,605 (46)

12,104 (46)

23,434 (30)

8,525 (22)

13,649 (35)

 3500+

2,920 (37)

3,113 (12)

10,559 (31)

6,006 (23)

4,803 (6)

1,433 (4)

4,386 (11)

Infant breastfed within 1 h of delivery

 Yes

7,054 (90)

19,319 (75)

27,867 (83)

24,037 (92)

63,425 (85)

32,786 (86)

9,492 (24)

 No

770 (10)

6,608 (25)

5,818 (17)

2,108 (8)

10,987 (15)

5,344 (14)

29,357 (76)