Table 2 Maternal outcomes

Initial weight (Kg)

57.1 ± 5.7

69.9 ± 6.7 ^a

91.2 ± 13.7 ^a,b

<0.001

Final weight (Kg)

71.5 ± 7.1

82.9 ± 7.6 ^a

100.7 ± 15.4 ^a,b

<0.001

Weight gain (Kg)

14.4 ± 4.6

12.8 ± 5.7

9.6 ± 7.5 ^a,b

<0.001

Prepregnancy BMI (Kg/m²)

22.4 ± 1.7

27.5 ± 1.3 ^a

36.2 ± 4.9 ^a,b

<0.001

Gestational BMI (Kg/m²)

28.1 ± 2.4

32.6 ± 2.7 ^a

39.9 ± 5.5 ^a,b

<0.001

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

†p-value

<0.001

 <8

5 (7.8)

12 (18.2)

58 (45.7) ^a,b

 8 – 16

36 (55.4)

36 (54.6)

42 (33.1) ^a,b

 >16

24 (36.9)

18 (27.3)

27 (21.3)

<0.001

 Underweight

7 (10.8)

0 (0.0) ^a

0 (0.0) ^a

 Adequate

33 (50.8)

5 (7.6) ^a

0 (0.0) ^a,b

 Overweight

23 (35.4)

35 (53.0) ^a

8 (6.3) ^a,b

 Obese

2 (3.1)

26 (39.4) ^a

119 (93.7) ^a,b

Physical activity (yes)

17 (26.2)

34 (51.5) ^a

55 (43.3) ^a

0.010

Intercurrent diseases

30 (46.2)

26 (39.4)

62 (48.8)

0.458

 Urinary infection

8 (12.5)

8 (11.9)

30 (23.6)

 Genital infection

12 (18.8)

12 (17.9)

15 (11.8)

 GH or PE

4 (50.0)

4 (19.0)

16 (25.4)

 GDM

8 (12.3)

22 (33.3) ^a

50 (39.4) ^a

<0.001

 MGH

12 (18.4)

15 (22.7) ^a

27 (21.2) ^a

0.005

0.075

 <6.5

61 (93.8)

53 (80.3)

102 (80.3)

 6.5 – 8.0

3 (4.6)

13 (19.7)

23 (18.1)

 ≥8.0

1 (1.6)

0 (0.00)

2 (1.57)