Table 1 Clinical and biochemical parameters of smokers stratified by the number of sticks smoked per day

35.0 ± 5.4

35.0 ± 7.4

37.3 ± 7.4

37.6 ± 9.3

0.847

3.37 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 0.7^a

2.2 ± 0.4^b

2.6 ± 0.3^c

0.028*

7.70 ± 0.2

7.70 ± 0.3

7.60 ± 0.8

6.80 ± 1.5

0.736

7.64 ± 2.3

35.1 ± 9.8^a

36.2 ± 8.7^b

34.5 ± 10.1^c

0.012*

53.76 ± 12.4

48.3 ± 11.7

41.4 ± 13.7^b

24.9 ± 9.5^{c, d}

0.034*

10.36 ± 4.5

16.6 ± 6.7^a

16.0 ± 5.5^b

19.6 ± 7.6^c

0.043*

65.0 ± 14.8

65.1 ± 13.1

60.3 ± 15.7

46.8 ± 17.2^{c, d}

0.284

48.40 ± 12.1

43.8 ± 9.5

38.8 ± 10.2^b

26.1 ± 10.4^{c, d}

0.038*

93.17 ± 22.1

73.6 ± 21.6^a

64.3 ± 19.8^b

24.5 ± 12.1^c

0.041*

5.7 ± 1.2

6.9 ± 2.1^a

6.2 ± 1.8

6.2 ± 2.7

0.436

2.0 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.7

0.865

0.08 ± 0.0

0.1 ± 0.0

0.1 ± 0.0

0.1 ± 0.0

0.973

8.56 ± 2.8

6.90 ± 2.6^a

6.80 ± 2.7^b

5.80 ± 2.1^c

0.007*

6.24 ± 1.9

6.10 ± 2.4

6.00 ± 1.9

5.60 ± 1.2^c

0.439

18.8 ± 4.6

14.9 ± 3.2

14.5 ± 5.7

13.8 ± 5.6

0.039*

0.36 ± 0.1

0.27 ± 0.1^a

0.26 ± 0.1^b

0.24 ± 0.1^c

0.021*

8.43 ± 2.9

6.21 ± 2.2^a

5.82 ± 2.0^b

5.50 ± 1.4^c

0.018*

39.6 ± 7.3

41.8 ± 11.6

42.4 ± 5.0

43.2 ± 9.3

0.389

23.0 ± 9.2

24.5 ± 9.5

25.3 ± 10.1

25.9 ± 10.8

0.691

15.0 ± 3.6

15.1 ± 4.4

16.8 ± 2.8

17.3 ± 3.1

0.352