Table 3 Risk of developing semen abnormalities among smokers and non-smokers
From: Tobacco smoking is associated with decreased semen quality
Semen abnormality | Smokers (%) | Non-smokers (%) | Odds ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reduced semen volume | 31.5 | 15.8 | 2.1 | 0.1180 |
Oligospermia | 27.8 | 11.1 | 3.1 | 0.0047 |
Asthenozoospermia | 57.4 | 24.4 | 4.2 | 0.0010 |
Teratozoospermia | 76.0 | 39.8 | 4.7 | 0.0003 |
Reduced viability | 87.0 | 62.2 | 4.1 | 0.0041 |
Reduced sperm count | 37 | 13 | 3.8 | 0.0076 |
Reduced sluggish | 77.8 | 57.4 | 0.4 | 0.0323 |