Skip to main content

Table 2 Unadjusted associations of peripregnancy abuse (IPV, ILV, and GBHM) and maternal health outcomes, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (N = 1,049)

From: Maternal morbidity associated with violence and maltreatment from husbands and in-laws: findings from Indian slum communities

 

Total sample N = 1,049 % (n)

Prenatal care in first trimester (n = 485)

%

OR (95 % CI)

No weight gain during pregnancy (n = 83)

%

OR (95 % CI)

Pain during intercourse (n = 163)

%

OR (95 % CI)

High blood pressure (n = 113)

%

OR (95 % CI)

Vaginal bleeding (n = 92)

%

OR (95 % CI)

Premature rupture of membranes (n = 113)

%

OR (95 % CI)

Premature birth (n = 144)

%

OR (95 % CI)

Peripregnancy IPV

 Any

34.0 (353)

41.3

10.7

22.1

12.2

11.1

13.6

14.2

 

0.66 (0.51–0.86)

1.68 (1.07–2.65)

2.03 (1.45–2.85)

1.16 (0.77–1.74)

1.48 (0.96–2.29)

1.53 (1.03–2.28)

1.08 (0.75–1.57)

 Nonea

66.0 (685)

51.4

6.7

12.3

10.7

7.7

9.3

13.3

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peripregnancy ILV

 Any

4.8 (50)

26.0

16.7

28.0

14.6

14.0

18.0

14.0

 

0.40 (0.21–0.76)

2.54 (1.16–5.55)

2.25 (1.19–4.26)

1.45 (0.64–3.26)

1.82 (0.81–4.11)

1.96 (0.93–4.11)

1.10 (0.49–2.45)

 Nonea

95.2 (988)

47.4

7.6

15.0

11.0

8.6

10.4

13.6

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peripregnancy GBHM

 Any

48.5 (503)

39.4

10.3

19.1

12.8

11.5

13.9

12.3

 

0.58 (0.45–0.74)

1.83 (1.16–2.91)

1.67 (1.19–2.35)

1.36 (0.92–2.01)

1.91 (1.23–2.96)

1.89 (1.26–2.82)

0.81 (0.57–1.16)

 Nonea

51.5 (535)

52.9

5.9

12.3

9.8

6.4

7.9

14.8

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

  1. aReferent group is no IPV/ILV/GBHM
  2. All bolded statistics are signficant at p < .05