Factors associated with maternal near miss in childbirth and the postpartum period: findings from the birth in Brazil National Survey, 2011–2012

Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression on the maternal characteristics associated with incidence of maternal near miss during hospitalization for childbirth care (n = 23,894), Brazil, 2011–2012

Characteristic	Model 1^a			Model 2^b			Model 3^c			Final Model^d
Characteristic	OR^e	95 % CI^f	p	OR^e	95 % CI^f	p	OR^e	95 % CI^f	p	OR^e	95 % CI^f	p
Maternal age (years)
12–19	0.71	0.48–1.06		0.96	0.60–1.52
20–34	1			1
35 and over	1.93	1.25–2.97	0.001	1.37	0.87–2.17	0.358
Schooling level (years)
15 or more	1			1			1
11–14	1.96	0.91–4.24		1.65	0.81–3.39		1.78	0.85–3.73
8–10	2.49	1.15–5.37		2.17	1.04–4.54		2.48	1.15–5.33
0–7	2.66	1.04–6.78	0.106	2.07	0.84–5.08	0.185	2.51	0.99–6.36	0.075
Skin color^g
White	1
Mixed	1.15	0.76–1.75
Black	1.05	0.43–2.56	0.777
Conjugal situation
With partner	1
Without partner	0.97	0.67–1.42	0.893
Primipara
No	1			1			1
Yes	2.40	1.53–3.77	<0.001	2.02	1.26–3.25	0.004	1.45	0.90–2.34	0.131
Previous C-section
0	1			1			1
1	1.89	1.06–3.38		1.61	0.91–2.88		1.07	0.62–1.86
2 or more	2.64	1.62–4.30	<0.001	2.13	1.31–3.45	0.003	1.30	0.74–2.29	0.638
Antenatal care
Yes				1			1			1
No				4.15	1.34–12.81	0.014	4.44	1.37–14.37	0.013	4.65	1,51–14.31	0007
Number of services before admission to delivery care
0				1			1			1
1				1.50	0.84–2.68		1.57	0.89–2.75		1.69	0.98–2.92
2 or more				3.88	1.84–8.18	0.002	4.05	1.92–8.54	<0.001	4.49	2.12–9.52	<0.001
Clinical or obstetric complications^h
No				1			1			1
Yes				10.28	7.51–14.06	<0.001	9.26	6.66–12.87	<0.001	9.29	6.69–12.90	<0.001
Type of delivery
Vaginal							1			1
Elective C-section							2.67	1.70–4.18		2.54	1.67–3.88
Intrapartum C-section							1.02	0.53–1.94		1.05	0.54–2.03
Forceps							9.08	3.92–21.06	<0.001	9.37	4.01–21.91	<0.001

^aModel 1 = analyses were adjusted for age, schooling level, self-reported skin color, conjugal situation, parity and number of previous C-sections;^bModel 2 = analyses were adjusted for age, schooling level, parity, number of previous C-sections, antenatal care, diagnoses of clinical or obstetric emergencies, number of services searched before admission to delivery care; ^cModel 3 = analyses were adjusted for schooling level, parity, number of previous C-sections, antenatal care, diagnoses of clinical or obstetric emergencies, number of services searched before admission to delivery care and type of delivery; ^dFinal Model = analyses were adjusted for antenatal care, diagnoses of clinical or obstetric emergencies, number of services searched before admission to delivery care and type of delivery; ^eOR = odds ratio; ^fCI = confidence interval; ^gPregnant women with East Asian or indigenous skin color were excluded from this analysis; ^hWomen who presented with one of the following criteria were considered to present clinical or obstetric complications: hypertensive disorders, diabetes, placenta previa, placental abruption, HIV infection and other maternal infections

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