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Table 3 Most commonly reported sources of menstrual information

From: Mapping the knowledge and understanding of menarche, menstrual hygiene and menstrual health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries

First author, Year

Country

Setting

School status

N

Most common source (%)

East Africa

 Zegeye 2009 [21]

Ethiopia

Mix

School-going

564

Mother (39.7%)

North Africa

 Abd El-Hameed 2011 [44]

Egypt

Mix

School-going

160

Mother (59.4%)

 El-Gilany 2005 [30]

Egypt

Mix

School-going

642

Mother (92.2%), mass media (92.2%)

 Eswi 2012 [45]

Egypt

Urban

School-going

200

Mother (53.0%)

West Africa

 Gumanga 2012 [31]

Ghana

Urban

School-going

456

Parent (80.2%)

 Adinma 2009 [26]

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

550

Mother (48.4%)

 Ajah 2015 [42]

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

482

Mother (81.5%

 Aniebue 2009 [40]

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

495

Mother (71.5%)

 Lawan 2010 [20]f

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

385

Mother (35.3%)

 Oche 2012 [14]

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

122

Mother or grandmother (56.6%)

Central America

 Marván 2012 [24]f

Mexico

Urban

School-going

405

Mother (78.0%)

South Asia

 Bosch 2008 [28]

Bangladesh

Rural

Unclear

86

Sister (29.0%)

 Dambhare 2012 [32]a

India

Mix

School-going

561

Mother (38.2%)

 Thakre 2011 [12]a

India

Mix

School-going

143

Mother (71.3%)

 Khanna 2005 [1]

India

Rural

Mix

-

Mother (55.1%)

 Dasgupta 2008 [8]a

India

Rural

School-going

160

Mother (37.5%)

 Kanotra 2013 [92]

India

Rural

School-going

323

Mother (94.4%)

 Kotecha 2009 [33]a

India

Rural

School-going

340

Mother (32.9%)

 Mudey 2010 [34]

India

Rural

School-going

300

Mother (40.7%)

 Shanbhag 2012 [10]

India

Rural

School-going

506

Mother (55.1%)

 Sudeshna 2012 [15]a

India

Rural

School-going

80

Mother or sister (45.0%)

 Dhingra 2009 [29]

India

Rural

Unclear

200

Friend (83.0%)

 Tiwari 2006 [11]

India

Unclear

School-going

486

Mother (60.7%)

 Khanna 2005 [1]

India

Urban

Mix

-

Mother (66.8%)

 Sharma 2008 [64]b

India

Urban

Mix

156

Mother (73.7%)

 Omidvar 2010 [46]a

India

Urban

School-going

215

Mother (54.0%)

 Yasmin 2013 [13]

India

Urban

School-going

147

Friend (20.4%)

 Bobhate 2011 [7]c

India

Urban

Unclear

241

Mother (75.9%)

 Udgiri 2010 [23]a

India

Urban

Unclear

63

Mother (63.5%)

 Adhikari 2007 [5]

Nepal

Rural

School-going

150

Coursebook (14.7%)

 Sharma 2003 [25]

Nepal

Urban

School-going

96

Mother (37.5%)

 Ali 2010 [6]a

Pakistan

Urban

Government school

203

Sister (35.5%)

 Ali 2010 [6]a

Pakistan

Urban

Out-of-school

165

Sister (49.7%)

 Ali 2010 [6]a

Pakistan

Urban

Private school

145

Mother (37.9%)

 Chandraratne 2011 [43]b

Sri Lanka

Urban

School-going

473

Mother (67.0%)

Southeast Asia

 Lee 2006 [37]

Malaysia

Mix

School-going

2247

Mother (80.0%)

 Wong 2011 [47]e

Malaysia

Rural

School-going

984

Mother (62.3%)

 Wong 2011 [38]d

Malaysia

Rural

School-going

577

Mother (31.7%)

 Wong 2011 [48]d

Malaysia

Urban

School-going

407

Mother (62.7%)

West Asia

 Jarrah 2012 [36]

Jordan

Urban

School-going

408

Mother (57.1%)

 Reis 2011 [27]

Turkey

Urban

Mix

310

Mother (18.7%)

 Ersoy 2004 [2]

Turkey

Urban

School-going

1017

Mother (55.7%)

  1. aPre-menarcheal sources
  2. bSources among those with menstrual problems
  3. cPost-menarcheal sources
  4. dSources among those who ever received information
  5. eSources among those with dysmenorrhea
  6. fFirst source