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Table 5 Physical impacts of menstruation

From: Mapping the knowledge and understanding of menarche, menstrual hygiene and menstrual health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries

First author, Year

Country

Setting

School status

N

PMSa

Severe painb

Headache

Swellingc

Fatigued

East Africa

 Zegeye 2009 [21]

Ethiopia

Mix

School-going

565

75.4%

72.0%

NR

NR

NR

North Africa

 Abd El-Hameed 2011 [44]

Egypt

Mix

School-going

160

NR

94.4%

NR

NR

NR

West Africa

 Gumanga 2012 [31]

Ghana

Urban

School-going

456

NR

74.4%

NR

NR

NR

 Ajah 2015 [42]

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

482

75.1%

64.1%

NR

NR

NR

 Aniebue 2009 [40]

Nigeria

Urban

School-going

495

 

26.7%

NR

NR

NR

Central America

 Marván 2001 [57]

Mexico

Urban

School-going

98

NR

NR

6.1%

NR

14.3%

South America

 Pitangui 2013 [58]

Brazil

Urban

School-going

174

NR

73.0%

14.4%

61.5%

27.6%

South Asia

 Dambhare 2012 [32]

India

Mix

School-going

561

56.3%

56.2%

26.7%

NR

NR

 Thakre 2012 [22]

India

Mix

School-going

387

55.8%

61.0%

NR

NR

NR

 Baidya 2014 [77]

India

Rural

Mix

200

8.5%

59.5%

16.0%

NR

4.0%

 Rana 2015 [63]

India

Rural

Mix

400

NR

46.8%

NR

NR

NR

 Bodat 2013 [67]

India

Rural

School-going

622

NR

58.1%

NR

NR

NR

 Kanotra 2013 [92]

India

Rural

School-going

323

3.1%

18.3%

NR

NR

NR

 Mudey 2010 [34]

India

Rural

School-going

300

NR

NR

25.7%

NR

NR

 Shanbhag 2012 [10]

India

Rural

School-going

329

NR

61.3%

NR

NR

NR

 Wasnik 2015 [72]

India

Rural

School-going

435

17.9%

62.3%

6.7%

NR

NR

 Patil 2013 [62]

India

Rural

Unclear

440

93.2%

28.0%

1.8%

NR

NR

 Chaudhuri 2012 [60]e

India

Unclear

School-going

224

NR

59.8%

28.1% (of 128)

NR

70.3% (of 128)

 Sharma 2008 [64]

India

Urban

Mix

198

63.1%

67.2%

16.7%

11.1%

48.0%

 Chandraratne 2011 [43]f

Sri Lanka

Urban

School-going

594

66.2%

61.3%

28.1% (of 393)

NR

29.1% (of 393)

 Nair 2012 [73]

India

Urban

School-going

3443

NR

72.4%

13.9%

NR

36.1%

 Sharma 2003 [25]

Nepal

Urban

School-going

96

NR

69.8%

NR

NR

NR

Southeast Asia

 Lee 2006 [37]

Malaysia

Mix

School-going

2247

74.7%

69.3%

NR

NR

NR

 Wong 2011 [47]

Malaysia

Rural

School-going

1295

NR

76.0%

NR

NR

NR

 Wong 2011 [38]

Malaysia

Rural

School-going

1295

63.1%

NR

47.3%

12.6%

81.1%

 Wong 2010 [78]

Malaysia

Urban

School-going

1075

NR

74.5%

NR

NR

NR

 Wong 2011 [48]

Malaysia

Urban

School-going

1076

56.5%

NR

38.4%

13.1%

75.4%

West Asia

 Poureslami 2002 [79]

Iran

Urban

School-going

250

NR

71.2%

NR

NR

NR

 Jarrah 2012 [36]

Jordan

Urban

School-going

490

NR

NR

50.4%

NR

80.6%

 Santina 2012 [59]

Lebanon

Urban

School-going

389

NR

74.3%

22.8%

34.6%

NR

 Eryilmaz 2009 [80]g

Turkey

Unclear

School-going

1951

NR

72.2%

26.1% (of 1408)

NR

11.9% (of 1408)

 Reis 2011 [27]

Turkey

Urban

Mix

310

NR

23.9%

NR

NR

NR

  1. PMS Premenstrual symptoms/syndrome, NR Not reported
  2. aPremenstrual symptoms or premenstrual syndrome
  3. bIncluding dysmenorrhea
  4. cSwelling or bloating
  5. dFatigue or dizziness
  6. eHeadaches and fatigue reported among girls with dysmenorrhea who agreed to provide more information
  7. fHeadaches and fatigue reported among girls with PMS
  8. gHeadaches and fatigue reported among girls with dysmenorrhea