Table 2 Bivariate association between modern contraceptive use and various background characteritics
From: Determinants of modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Kenya
| Â | Partner method vs. None/traditional method | Male method vs. None/traditional method | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | ||||||
Socio-demographic factors | ||||||
 Age | ||||||
  15–24 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  25–34 | 3.83 | *** | [3.11–4.72] | 0.41 | *** | [0.35-0.47] |
  35–54 | 3.57 | *** | [2.90-4.39] | 0.14 | *** | [0.12-0.17] |
 Living children | ||||||
  None | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  1-2 | 5.58 | *** | [4.29-7.27] | 0.27 | *** | [0.22-0.33] |
  3+ | 4.47 | *** | [3.54-5.66] | 0.11 | *** | [0.09-0.14] |
 Age of last child | ||||||
  No child | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  0–2 years | 4.68 | *** | [3.64-6.03] | 0.15 | *** | [0.12-0.19] |
  3+ years | 5.26 | *** | [4.17-6.63] | 0.20 | *** | [0.16-0.24] |
 Residence | ||||||
  Urban | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Rural | 0.71 | *** | [0.61-0.84] | 0.81 | * | [0.67-0.97] |
 Region | ||||||
  Nairobi | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Central | 0.09 | *** | [0.04-0.19] | 0.08 | *** | [0.04-0.19] |
  Coast | 1.74 | *** | [1.32-2.29] | 1.44 | * | [1.09-1.90] |
  Eastern | 2.30 | *** | [1.75-3.03] | 1.61 | *** | [1.21-2.14] |
  Nyanza | 1.23 |  | [0.98-1.54] | 1.28 | * | [1.01-1.63] |
  Rift valley | 1.59 | ** | [1.17-2.18] | 1.24 |  | [0.94-1.64] |
  Western | 1.85 | *** | [1.45-2.36] | 1.90 | *** | [1.47-2.46] |
  North Eastern | 2.35 | *** | [1.67-3.31] | 2.08 | ** | [1.32-3.29] |
 Marital status | ||||||
  Never married | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Currently married | 4.37 | *** | [3.51-5.45] | 0.09 | *** | [0.07-0.10] |
  Formerly married | 1.90 | *** | [1.29-2.79] | 0.53 | *** | [0.40-0.69] |
 Religion | ||||||
  Catholic | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Potestant | 1.03 |  | [0.87-1.22] | 0.91 |  | [0.77-1.08] |
  Muslim | 0.33 | *** | [0.24-0.45] | 0.46 | ** | [0.32-0.66] |
  No religion | 0.48 | *** | [0.34-0.69] | 0.72 |  | [0.51-1.03] |
 Number of wives | ||||||
  No wives/partners | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  1 wife | 3.77 | *** | [3.12-4.57] | 0.09 | *** | [0.08-0.11] |
  2 and more wives | 2.59 | *** | [1.81-3.70] | 0.10 | *** | [0.06-0.16] |
 Age at first marriage | ||||||
  Never married | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  11–24 years | 4.10 | *** | [3.26-5.16] | 0.14 | *** | [0.11-0.16] |
  25 and more years | 4.24 | *** | [3.35-5.38] | 0.11 | *** | [0.09-0.14] |
 Age at first intercourse | ||||||
  Less than 14 years | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  14–17 years | 0.97 |  | [0.78-1.20] | 0.86 |  | [0.70-1.07] |
  18–24 years | 1.16 |  | [0.94-1.45] | 0.83 |  | [0.67-1.04] |
  25 and more years | 0.78 |  | [0.57-1.07] | 0.27 | *** | [0.16-0.44] |
 Marital duration | ||||||
  Never married | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  0–9 years | 4.31 | *** | [3.39-5.48] | 0.14 | *** | [0.11-0.17] |
  10+ years | 4.05 | *** | [3.23-5.09] | 0.11 | *** | [0.09-0.14] |
Socio-economic factors | ||||||
 Wealth index | ||||||
  Low | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Medium | 2.19 | *** | [1.87-2.58] | 1.71 | *** | [1.44-2.03] |
  High | 2.67 | *** | [2.25-3.18] | 1.81 | *** | [1.48-2.22] |
 Education | ||||||
  None | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Primary | 6.63 | *** | [4.25-10.33] | 4.15 | *** | [2.61-6.60] |
  Secondary/Higher | 9.27 | *** | [5.90-14.57] | 7.04 | *** | [4.38-11.31] |
 Currently working | ||||||
  No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Yes | 4.55 | *** | [3.23-6.40] | 0.50 | *** | [0.41-0.62] |
Interaction with health system | ||||||
 Discussed FP with health worker | ||||||
  No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Yes | 1.71 | *** | [1.42-2.07] | 0.84 |  | [0.65-1.09] |
Behavioral/attitudinal factors | ||||||
 Fertility preference | ||||||
  Want another child | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Undecided | 1.30 |  | [0.82-2.05] | 1.25 |  | [0.66-2.38] |
  Want no more | 1.36 | *** | [1.16-1.60] | 1.13 |  | [0.83-1.54] |
  No regular partner | 0.36 | *** | [0.29-0.44] | 11.21 | *** | [8.63-14.57] |
 Contraception is a woman’s business | ||||||
  Disagree | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Agree | 0.74 | ** | [0.61-0.89] | 0.81 | * | [0.66-0.99] |
  Don’t know | 0.09 | *** | [0.03-0.28] | 0.50 | * | [0.29-0.85] |
 Women who use contraception become promiscous | ||||||
  Disagree | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Agree | 0.60 | *** | [0.52-0.69] | 1.01 |  | [0.86-1.18] |
  Don’t know | 0.42 | *** | [0.30-0.58] | 0.68 | * | [0.48-0.97] |
 Number of sexual partners | ||||||
  1 partner | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  2–5 partners | 2.02 | *** | [1.61-2.53] | 1.19 |  | [0.96-1.47] |
  6+ partners | 2.37 | *** | [1.87-3.01] | 1.11 |  | [0.87-1.40] |
Access | ||||||
 Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine | ||||||
  Not at all | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Less than once a week | 1.49 | *** | [1.23-1.81] | 1.38 | ** | [1.11-1.71] |
  At least once a week | 2.11 | *** | [1.83-2.45] | 1.56 | *** | [1.31-1.87] |
 Frequency of listening to radio | ||||||
  Not at all | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Less than once a week | 1.62 | * | [1.01-2.60] | 2.04 | *** | [1.37-3.04] |
  At least once a week | 2.56 | *** | [1.80-3.63] | 2.32 | *** | [1.66-3.23] |
 Frequency of watching TV | ||||||
  Not at all | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Less than once a week | 1.65 | *** | [1.35-2.01] | 1.65 | *** | [1.31-2.09] |
  At least once a week | 2.29 | *** | [1.92-2.73] | 1.95 | *** | [1.61-2.35] |