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Table 1 Summary characteristics of studies in the meta-analysis to show the prevalence risky sexual behavior in Ethiopia, 2002–2016

From: Prevalence and determinants of risky sexual practice in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta-analysis

S.N

Author, Year

Study design

Year study conducted

Sample size

Study area

Age in years

Response rate

Prevalence (Outcome)

Weakness of the study

1.

(Abebe, Tsion, & Netsanet, 2013)

Institutional based cross sectional study

February 14–28/2012

273

Jimma town

Mean ± SD = 18.6 ± 1.6

Range = 15–24

94.8%

42.1% (Early sexual initiation)

Relatively small sample size

2.

(Abosetugn, Zergaw, Tadesse, & Addisu, 2015)

Community based cross-sectional study design

January, 2012

236

Dilla

Range = 15–24

Not reported

48.3%

(Unprotected sex)

Relatively small sample size

3.

(Alamrew, Bedimo, & Azage, 2013)

Institutional based cross sectional study

March 2012

790

Bahir dar city

Mean ± SD = 21.5 ± 2.44

97.6%

45.3%(Having multiple sexual partners)

Not clearly stated

4.

(Bayissa, Mebrahtu, Bayisa, & Mekuanint, 2016)

Institutional based cross sectional study

April 15 to 24, 2015

328

Ambo University

mean age = 22.18 years

87.9%

20.4% (Early sexual initiation)

Not clearly stated

5.

(BELETE, 2016)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

March to April 2016

388

Addis Ababa University

Median age = 21 years

92%

58.2% (having multiple sexual partners)

Might have under reported by Social desirability bias

6.

(Bogale & Seme, 2014)

Institutional based cross sectional study

December; 2011 to January; 2012

826

Shendi town, West GojjamZone

Mean ± SD = 17 ± 1.4

Range = 15–24

97.1%

24.8%(having multiple sexual partners)

Social desirability bias responding cannot be ruled out

7.

(Cherie & Berhane, 2012)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

2011

3543

Addis Ababa,

Majority were in the age group 15–16 year

92.5%

10.6% RSB

Not clearly stated

8.

(Dadi & Teklu, 2014)

Institutional based cross-sectional study design

February to April 2014

422

Humera town

Mean ± SD = 16.89 ± 1.16

100%

13.7% RSB

Might have social desirability bias

9.

(Dagne, 2013)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

December, 2013 toDecember, 2014

700

Debre Markos town

Mean ± SD = 17.1 ± 1.6 years

Range = 15–24 years

100%

78.8% (Early sexual initiation)

recall bias

10.

(Debebe, 2015)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

February 1–30, 2014

604

Madawalabu University,

Mean ± SD=

21 ± 1.60 years

95.3%

35.2% (having multiple sexual partners)

Personal and sensitive issues related to sexuality which might have caused underreporting of

some behaviors

11.

(Derbie, Assefa, Mekonnen, & Biadglegne, 2016)

Institutional based cross sectional study

February 1- march 30, 2014

343

Debre Tabor University

mean age 21.1 years (SD ±2.3)

87.1%

39.6% (inconsistent condom used)

The study lacks data on the sexual

experiences of students before they join the University

12.

(Desale, Argaw, & Yalew, 2016)

Institutional based cross sectional study

June 2014

1332

Lalibela town

Mean ± SD =17.39 ± 1.63 years

Range = 15–24 years

97.8%

46.5% RSB

Might have underreporting as it is not free from social desirability bias and

a recall bias, especially in estimating age at first sexual experiences.

13.

(Dessie, Berhane, & Worku, 2014)

Community based cross-sectional study

March to July 2012

633

Harar town

Range = 13–18 years

98.75

47.55% RSB

Might have social desirability bias

14.

(Dingeta, Oljira, & Assefa, 2012)

Institutional based cross sectional study

March to April, 2010.

1286

Haramaya University

Mean ± SD = 21.4 ± 1.3

98.9%

28% (Early sexual initiation)

Not clearly stated

15.

(Fite & Cherie, 2016)

Community based cross sectional study

March to June 2014

407

AddisAbaba

Mean ± SD = 16 ± 1.22 years

96.4%

23.6% (Early sexual initiation)

Social desirability bias

16.

(Fury, 2006)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

Jan. 2006 to Feb. 2006

813

Ambo town

Mean ± SD=

17.26 ± 2.1 SD years Range = 10–30 years

96.4%

56.4% (having multiple sexual partners)

recall bias

17.

(G. M. Kassa et al., 2016)

Institutional based cross-sectional study design

April to May 2014

300

Jigaworeda, West Gojjam

Mean ± SD =  17.75 ± 1.37 years

96.8%

56.3% % (Early sexual initiation)

Might have recall bias

18.

(Girma, Hailu, Ayana, & Ketema, 2015)

Institution based cross sectional study

February to March,2014

636

Addis Ababa

Mean ± SD = 17.86 ± 0.97

Range = 15–24

97.85%

25.3%

(Early sexual

initiation)

Not clearly stated

19.

(Gizaw, Jara, & Ketema, 2014)

Institutional based cross sectional study

Apri1.7–25, 2014

836

Addis Ababa

Mean = 17.3

Range = 15–24

99.3%.

26.7% RSB

Response may affected

by social desirability bias

20.

(Guta & Yeshambel, 2016)

Institutional based cross sectional study

April 15 to 24, 2015

328

Ambo University

Mean age = 22.18 years

87.9%

20.4%(Early sexual initiation)

Not clearly stated

21.

(Henok, Kassa, Lenda, Nibret, & Lamaro, 2015)

Institutional based cross-sectional study design

June to July 2014.

284

Mizan-Tepi University

18–23 years (80.3%)

100%

44.5% (having multiple sexual partners)

Relatively small sample size

22.

(Kebede et al., 2005)

DHS based survey

December 2001 and May 2002

20,434

Ethiopia

Range = 15–24 years

91.2%

20% (unprotected sex)

Not clearly stated

23.

(Mulu, Yimer, & Abera, 2014)

Institutional based cross sectional study

December to February2013.

817

Bahir Dar University

mean age = 21 years

Range = 18–30 years

97.1%

62% (Unprotected sex)

Social desirability bias

24.

(Regassa, Chala, & Adeba, 2016)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

February to March 2014

704

Wollega University

median age of respondents was 21 years

99.86%

62.1% (Early sexual initiation)

Not clearly stated

25.

(Seme & Wirtu, 2016)

Institution based cross sectional study

February andMarch 2006

676

Nekemte

Mean = 16 years

93.6%

57.2% (Early sexual initiation)

Not clearly stated

26.

(T. A. Kassa, Luck, Birru, & Riedel-Heller, 2014)

Cross-sectional survey

June toSeptember 2012

426

Addis Ababa

Mean ± SD = 20.8 ± 2.6 years

100%

75. 1% (Early sexual initiation)

Social desirability bias

27.

(Tadesse & Yakob, 2015)

Community based cross-sectional study

September2011

711

Tiss Abay

Mean ± SD = 21.54 ± 3.84 years

Range = 15–29 years

95.9%

70.3% RSB

Not clearly stated

28.

(Teferra, Erena, & Kebede, 2015)

Institutional based cross sectional study

March 1 -may30 2013

302

MadawalabuUniversity

Range = 15–34

93.2%

33.6%(having multiple sexual partners)

Not clearly stated

29.

(Teshome & Gedif, 2013)

Institutional based cross-sectional study design

November to December

2010

2551

Addis Ababa

Mean ± SD = 16.93 ± 1.35

yearsRange = 14–25 years

92.4%)

52.5% RSB

Not clearly stated

30.

(Tiruneh, Wasie, & Gonzalez, 2015)

Community-based cross-sectional study

July 8–18, 2013

756

Metema District

Median age 22 years and IQR = 20–25

100%

74% RSB

Social desirability responding cannot be ruled out

31.

(Tura, Alemseged, & Dejene, 2012)

Institutional based cross-sectional study

November 2009

1010

Jimma University

Mean ± SD = 17.7 ± 2.7 years

80%

28.3%(having multiple sexual partners)

Social desirability bias might result under reported

  1. RSB Risky Sexual Behavior