|
Adverse perinatal outcomes
|
WHOGS
|
WHOMCS
|
Combined
|
|---|
|
n/N (%)
|
Crude ORa (95% CI)
|
AORb (95% CI)
|
n/N (%)
|
Crude ORa (95% CI)
|
AORb (95% CI)
|
n/N (%)
|
Crude ORa (95% CI)
|
AORb (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
APGAR <7 at 5 min
|
|
IOL
|
40/2119 (1.9)
|
1
|
1
|
23/2213 (1.1)
|
1
|
1
|
63/4332 (1.5)
|
1
|
1
|
|
ECS
|
3/691 (0.4)
|
0.39 (0.12, 1.22)
|
0.31 (0.08, 1.23)
|
13/1260 (1.0)
|
1.20(0.61, 2.36)
|
0.92 (0.45, 1.90)
|
16/1951 (0.8)
|
0.81 (0.47, 1.40)
|
0.67 (0.36, 1.23)
|
|
EM
|
309/13338 (2.3)
|
1.10 (0.77, 1.57)
|
1.21 (0.82, 1.81)
|
232/13382 (1.8)
|
1.41 (0.91, 2.20)
|
1.39 (0.88, 2.19)
|
541/26720 (2.0)
|
1.19 (0.90, 1.57)
|
1.27 (0.95, 1.72)
|
|
Admission to NICU
|
|
IOL
|
146/2119 (6.9)
|
1
|
1
|
101/2213 (4.6)
|
1
|
1
|
247/4332 (5.7)
|
1
|
1
|
|
ECS
|
67/691 (9.7)
|
1.61 (1.15, 2.26)
|
1.13 (0.75, 1.72)
|
117 /1260 (9.3)
|
1.99 (1.47, 2.71)
|
1.76 (1.28, 2.42)
|
184/1951 (9.4)
|
1.85 (1.49, 2.31)
|
1.51 (1.19, 1.92)
|
|
EM
|
1035/13338 (7.8)
|
0.94 (0.76, 1.15)
|
0.99 (0.79, 1.26)
|
587/13382 (4.4)
|
0.90 (0.71, 1.15)
|
0.92 (0.72, 1.18)
|
1622/26720 (6.1)
|
0.93 (0.80, 1.08)
|
0.95 (0.81, 1.12)
|
|
Stillbirth
|
|
IOL
|
10/2119 (0.5)
|
1
|
1
|
8/2213 (0.4)
|
1
|
1
|
18/4332 (0.4)
|
1
|
1
|
|
ECS
|
0/691 (0.0)
|
–
|
–
|
4 /1260 (0.3)
|
1.06 (0.31, 3.62)
|
0.99 (0.27, 3.57)
|
4/1951 (0.2)
|
0.70 (0.24, 1.99)
|
0.61 (0.20, 1.83)
|
|
EM
|
47/13338 (0.4)
|
0.69 (0.33, 1.46)
|
0.63 (0.29, 1.38)
|
73/13382 (0.6)
|
1.29 (0.60, 2.78)
|
1.29 (0.56, 2.98)
|
120/26720 (0.5)
|
0.97 (0.58, 1.60)
|
0.92 (0.54, 1.58)
|
|
Early neonatal death
|
|
IOL
|
2/2119 (0.1)
|
1
|
1
|
7/2213 (0.3)
|
1
|
1
|
9/4332 (0.2)
|
1
|
1
|
|
ECS
|
1/691 (0.1)
|
2.25 (0.20, 25.5)
|
2.10 (0.18, 24.7)
|
4 /1260 (0.3)
|
1.23 (0.35, 4.35)
|
0.95 (0.26, 3.45)
|
5/1951 (0.2)
|
1.69 (0.59, 4.85)
|
1.35 (0.46, 4.00)
|
|
EM
|
50/13338 (0.4)
|
4.17 (0.99, 17.5)
|
3.82 (0.89, 16.2)
|
67/13382 (0.5)
|
1.28 (0.57, 2.91)
|
1.11 (0.48, 2.56)
|
117/26720 (0.4)
|
1.94 (0.99, 3.80)
|
1.74 (0.88, 3.45)
|
|
Perinatal death
|
|
IOL
|
12/2119 (0.6)
|
1
|
1
|
15/2213 (0.7)
|
1
|
1
|
27/4332 (0.6)
|
1
|
1
|
|
ECS
|
1/691 (0.1)
|
0.42 (0.06, 3.02)
|
0.41 (0.05, 3.10)
|
8 /1260 (0.6)
|
1.15 (0.50, 2.66)
|
0.96 (0.40, 2.30)
|
9/1951 (0.5)
|
1.06 (0.50, 2.22)
|
0.90 (0.42, 1.94)
|
|
EM
|
97/13338 (0.7)
|
1.27 (0.68, 2.36)
|
1.18 (0.62, 2.22)
|
139/13382 (1.0)
|
1.20 (0.70, 2.05)
|
1.14 (0.65, 2.02)
|
236/26720 (0.9)
|
1.26 (0.83, 1.89)
|
1.19 (0.77, 1.82)
|
- (IOL Induction of labour group, ECS Elective Caesarean section group, EM Expectant management group) aCrude ORs were calculated by multilevel logistic regression model after accounted for cluster effect(facility level and country level) bAdjusted – for maternal characteristics (age, marital status, education, parity, previous CS); neonatal characteristics (birth weight); facility capacity index score and cluster effect (health facility level, country level in WHOGS and WHOMCS; one more level (data source – WHOGS & WHOMCS) in combined database Values in bold mean they are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
