Table 2 Risk of depressive symptoms due to the independent variables studied
Variables | Depression Symptoms n (%) | No Depressive Symptoms n (%) | OR (CI %) |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | |||
 Age | |||
   < 35 | 523 (20.4) | 2047 (79.6) | Reference |
  35–40 | 69 (17.6) | 323 (82.4) | 0.84 (0.63;1.10) |
   > 40 | 8 (21.3) | 30 (78.9) | 1.04 (0.48; 2.29) |
 Race | |||
  Others | 9 (17.6) | 42 (82.4) | Reference |
  Malay | 464 (20.2) | 1830 (79.8) | 1.18 (0.57; 2.45) |
  Indian | 67 (22.9) | 225 (77.1) | 1.39 (0.64; 3.00) |
  Chinese | 60 (16.5) | 303 (83.5) | 0.92 (0.43; 1.99) |
 Occupation | |||
  Part time | 9 (18.8) | 39 (81.3) | Reference |
  Unemployed | 218 (20.5) | 846 (79.5) | 0.96 (0.79; 1.15) |
  Full time | 373 (19.8) | 1515 (80.2) | 0.89 (0.43; 1.88) |
 Living arrangement | |||
  Parents | 94 (20.3) | 368 (79.7) | Reference |
  In laws | 99 (22.1) | 348 (77.9) | 1.11 (0.81; 1.53) |
  Partner and/or children | 399 (19.3) | 1665 (80.7) | 0.94 (0.73; 1.21) |
  Institution | 8 (29.6) | 19 (70.4) | 1.65 (0.70; 3.89) |
Social support variables | |||
 How supportive is husband/partner on pregnancy | |||
  Very supportive | 361 (18.1) | 1636 (81.9) | Reference |
  Supportive | 221 (23.4) | 723 (76.6) | 1.39 (1.15;1.67)* |
  Not, less and fairly supportive | 18 (30.5) | 41 (69.5) | 1.99 (1.13;3.50)* |
 Is the family supportive on the pregnancy | |||
  Yes | 581 (19.9) | 2341 (80.1) | Reference |
  No | 18 (24.4) | 59 (75.6) | 1.29 (0.77; 2.19) |
 OSLO | |||
  Moderate and strong support | 396 (16.9) | 1943 (83.1) | Reference |
  Poor support | 204 (30.9) | 457 (69.1) | 2.19 (1.79;2.67) |