From: Muslim Women’s use of contraception in the United States
Birth Control | Oral Contraceptive Pills | Condom | Withdrawal | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio, 95% CI | Odds Ratio, 95% CI | Odds Ratio, 95% CI | Odds Ratio, 95% CI | |
Demographic Characteristics | ||||
Age | ||||
18–29 | referent | referent | referent | referent |
30 to 39 | 0.560 (0.216, 1.452) | 0.600 (0.266, 1.354) | 0.607 (0.268, 1.375) | 1.129 (0.499, 2.554) |
40 to 49 | 1.210 (0.308, 4.757) | 0.516 (0.181, 1.475) | 0.909 (0.307, 2.695) | 1.724 (0.611, 4.864) |
Marital Status | ||||
Not Married | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Married | 2.663 (1.073, 6.609)* | 1.737 (0.786, 3.834) | 1.599 (0.731, 3.497) | 0.596 (0.267, 1.331) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Middle Eastern or North African | referent | referent | referent | referent |
South Asian | 1.728 (0.576, 5.184) | 3.071 (1.154, 8.176)* | 1.334 (0.508, 3.503) | 0.849 (0.299, 2.410) |
Other Ethnicity | 2.475 (0.811, 7.552) | 4.046 (1.538, 10.642)** | 2.271 (0.880, 5.859) | 0.795 (0.285, 2.214) |
Nativity | ||||
Foreign Born | referent | referent | referent | referent |
U.S. Born | 0.748 (0.039, 7.952) | 0.878 (0.421, 1.834) | 0.856 (0.408, 1.799) | 2.130 (0.996, 4.554) |
Socioeconomic Characteristics | ||||
Education | ||||
High School | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Some College or Vocational | 0.560 (0.039, 7.952) | 2.617 (0.227, 30.142) | 0.495 (0.236, 1.042) | 0.689 (0.028, 17.164) |
College Graduate | 0.955 (0.074, 12.354) | 3.801 (0.359, 40.207) | 0.260 (0.086, 0.789) | 2.288 (0.099, 52.583) |
Graduate/Professional | 1.547 (0.117, 20.466) | 4.475 (0.416, 48.141) | 0.812 (0.066, 9.974) | 3.036 (0.129, 71.400) |
Household Income | ||||
Under $24,999 | referent | referent | referent | referent |
$25,000 to $74,999 | 1.035 (0.197, 5.446) | 0.309 (0.069, 1.381) | 1.072 (0.288, 3.993) | 1.475 (0.294, 7.405) |
$75,000 to $99,999 | 1.375 (0.200, 9.429) | 0.342 (0.060, 1.938) | 1.553 (0.316, 7.656) | 3.312 (0.552, 19.858) |
Over $100,000 | 1.583 (0.271, 9.261) | 0.388 (0.079, 1.918) | 1.737 (0.422, 7.146) | 5.310 (0.991, 28.465) |
Religion Characteristics | ||||
Islam | ||||
Sunni | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Shia | 2.769 (1.056, 7.262)* | 1.275 (0.552, 2.945) | 2.032 (0.886, 4.661) | 0.870 (0.361, 2.010) |
General Islam | 5.491 (1.073, 28.101)* | 0.868 (0.306, 2.466) | 3.667 (1.136, 11.832)* | 1.834 (0.636, 5.289) |
Worship Attendance | ||||
Less than once a month | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Once a month | 1.577 (0.149, 16.712) | 3.808 (0.391, 37.129) | 1.494 (0.244, 9.151) | 5.954 (1.098, 32.280)* |
Multiple times a month | 0.532 (0.149, 1.903) | 1.583 (0.484, 5.178) | 0.655 (0.223, 1.928) | 1.424 (0.506, 4.006) |
Once a week | 0.373 (0.122, 1.142) | 0.724 (0.275, 1.906) | 0.556 (0.208, 1.485) | 0.622 (0.211, 1.834) |
Multiple times a week | 0.462 (0.153, 1.395) | 0.383 (0.151, 0.973)* | 0.485 (0.187, 1.257) | 1.265 (0.474, 3.376) |
Health Insurance Coverage | ||||
Uninsured | referent | referent | referent | referent |
Public Insurance | 6.998 (0.886, 55.294) | 1.157 (0.203, 6.587) | 1.014 (0.183, 5.628) | 0.150 (0.021, 1.088) |
Private Insurance | 1.802 (0.428, 7.589) | 1.737 (0.424, 7.113) | 0.996 (0.248, 3.993) | 0.196 (0.044, 0.867)* |