Table 2 Summary of evidence from key informant interviews describing group antenatal care models in low- and middle-income countries
From: Group antenatal care models in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic evidence synthesis
Key Informant Interview Identification Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Panel I: Study or Program Characteristics | ||||||||||
Group ANC or Participatory Group or Hybrid | Group ANC | Group ANC | Group ANC | Group ANC | Hybrid | Hybrid | Hybrid | Group ANC | Group ANC | Group ANC |
Country | Kenya | Suriname | MalawiTanzania | Rwanda | Kenya | Ghana | Uganda | Nigeria, Kenya | Mexico | Nepal |
Setting | Urban Private Non-hospital | Urban-- | Rural Malawi, Urban Tanzania-- | Rural + urban-- | Rural Public Non-hospital | Urban-- | Rural + urban-- | Rural + urban-- | Rural + urban-- | Rural-- |
Is the model informed by an existing group format? | No | CP | CP | CP | HBLSS | HBLSS | HBLSS | CPHBLSS | CP | CPParticipatory groups |
Panel II: Model Attributes | ||||||||||
(a) Group | ||||||||||
How many women are in a group? | – | 8–12 women | 12 women | 8–12 women | 5 women | 12 women | 10–12 women | 8–15 women | 10 women | 6–15 women |
How are women grouped? | – | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age | Gestational age |
Is the composition of the group stable? | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
(b) Leaders | ||||||||||
How many leaders does the group have? | – | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
What cadre of care providers typically leads the group? | – | 2 Midwives | 1 Midwife1 CHW | 1 Nurse/1 CHW | 1 CHP | 2 Midwives | 1 Nurse or Midwife | 2 Midwives | 1 HCP/1 Nurse CHW | 1 ANM1 CHW |
Is the group leadership the same throughout all sessions? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Do group leaders use a facilitative leadership style? | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | Yes | Yes | Yes |
(c) Content | ||||||||||
Does the model include a clinical assessment component? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Does the model include an education or skill-building component? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Does the model include a support group or counselling component? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Does the health assessment occur within the group space? | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Do the women participate in self-care activities? | – | Yes | Yes | No | No | – | – | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Are sessions guided by an overall plan or outline? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Do sessions follow the core content but allow flexibility to tailor the session to the group’s needs? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Does the model include a postnatal care component? | – | Yes (1 PNC) | Yes (1 PNC) | Yes (1 PNC) | – | – | – | – | Yes (1 PNC) | Yes (1 PNC) |
Dynamics and Environment | ||||||||||
Does the group promote (through shared guidelines) respect and sharing among one another? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Does the group allow for the participation of support persons? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | Yes |
Are participants provided with the opportunity for socializing within the group? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | |
Are discussions and activities conducted in a circle? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | Yes |
(d) Logistics | ||||||||||
What is the total number of group sessions? | – | 9–10 ANC + 1 PNC | 4 ANC + 1 PNC | 4 ANC + 1 PNC | – | 7 ANC | 5 ANC | – | 7 ANC + 1 PNC | 3 ANC + 1 PNC |
How frequently do the group sessions occur? | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Approx. every 2 months | |
How long is each group session? | – | – | – | 90 min | – | 60–90 min | – | – | 120 min | – |
Do the leaders and/or participants regularly evaluate the group experience? | – | Yes | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | Yes |