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Table 2 Proportion of students who perceived the risk of NCS, grouped by sex of the respondent and gender-role attitudes (%)

From: Gender role attitudes, awareness and experiences of non-consensual sex among university students in Shanghai, China

Items on NCS

Male

Female

Total

Gender-role attitudes Score

Total

Gender-role attitudes Score

<=2

(n = 164)

> 2

(n = 266)

<=2

(n = 438)

> 2

(n = 231)

Score (mean)

5.67

6.02

5.45*

6.37#

6.44

6.24

Verbal harassment via communication technology

48.14

50.61

46.62

51.87

52.28

51.08

Forced watching porn

57.44

62.20

54.51

65.32#

66.44

63.20

Forced exposure to exhibitionism

60.70

64.63

58.27

76.38#

78.08

73.16

Watched secretly while changing clothes or in similar situations

54.42

56.10

53.38

60.09

60.50

59.31

Disseminating secret pictures/flash without permission

53.26

53.05

53.38

61.73#

62.10

61.04

Sexually suggestive comments

48.37

52.44

45.86

53.96

54.11

53.68

Unwanted touch/frottage

75.81

82.32

71.80 *

84.45

85.16

83.12

Unwanted fondling

80.00

87.20

75.56 *

89.54#

90.41

87.88

Unwanted penetrative sex

88.60

93.29

85.71*

93.42#

94.52

91.34

  1. #significant at p < 0.01compared between gender
  2. *significant at p < 0.05compared between two groups holding different gender-role attitudes within boys or girls