There might be blood: a scoping review on women’s responses to contraceptive-induced menstrual bleeding changes

Polis, Chelsea B.; Hussain, Rubina; Berry, Amanda

doi:10.1186/s12978-018-0561-0

Reproductive Health

Table 2 Studies presenting women’s preferences for amenorrhea or other bleeding patterns by percentage of women

From: There might be blood: a scoping review on women’s responses to contraceptive-induced menstrual bleeding changes

Region of study	Country of study	Author	Publication Year	Study Population	Percentage of Women Preferring bleeding patterns
Region of study	Country of study	Author	Publication Year	Study Population	Amenorrhea/Never Bleeding	Other than monthly bleeding or amenorrhea (ranging from 2 months to 1 year)	Monthly Bleeding
Africa	Nigeria	Glasier	2003	Aged 20+	Sagamu: 13%	Sagamu: 12%	Sagamu: 71%
	South Africa	Glasier	2003	Aged 20+	Cape Town: 9–36%^a	Cape Town: 15–27%^a	Cape Town: 30–49%^a
	Tunisia	d’Arcangues	2011	Aged 18–38 Norplant users	Tunis: 0%	Tunis: 5%	Tunis: 95%
Americas	Brazil	Snow	2007	Aged 18–49	~ 33%^b	~ 37%^b	~ 25%^b
	Brazil	Makuch	2012	Aged 18–39	65.3%	18.2%	13.5%
	Brazil	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	16%	55%	n/a
	Canada	Nguyen	2011	Ages not specified	56%^b	n/a	n/a
	Canada	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	15%	38%	n/a
	Chile	d’Arcangues	2011	Aged 18–38 Norplant users	Santiago: 40%	Santiago: 13%	Santiago: 47%
	Dominican Republic	d’Arcangues	2011	Aged 18–38 Norplant users	Santo Domingo: 14%	Santo Domingo: 2%	Santo Domingo: 84%
	Mexico	Marvan	2009	Aged 20–25 and 40–50 Women aged 20–25 were college students	n/a	66%	34%
	United States	Andrist (Contraception)	2004	Aged 18–40	59%		n/a
	United States	Andrist (JAANP)	2004	Aged 18–40	57%		n/a
	United States	Edelman	2007	Mean age 27	38%	29%	34%
	United States	Snow	2007	Aged 18–49	~ 33%^b	~ 45%^b	~ 16%^b
	United States	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	16%	49%	n/a
	United States	Lakehomer	2013	Mean age 21.4 College students Recent or current contraceptive use	28%	65%	n/a
Asia	China	Glasier	2003	Aged 20+	Hong Kong: 6% Shanghai: 15%	Hong Kong: 39% Shanghai: 30%	Hong Kong: 42% Shanghai: 43%
	China	Ng	2008	Aged 18–49	5%	n/a	70%
	China	d’Arcangues	2011	Aged 18–38 Norplant users	Beijing: 4.6%	Beijing: 10.7%	Beijing: 84.7%
	India	Bhatt	2005	Ages not specified	10–20%^d	20–60%^d	20–70%^d
	Indonesia	d’Arcangues	2011	Aged 18–38 Norplant users	Jakarta: 5.0%	Jakarta: 0%	Jakarta: 95%
Europe	Austria	Nappi	2016	Aged 18–45	32–34%^e	27–31%^e	37–39%^e
	Belgium	Nappi	2016	Aged 18–45	33–54%^e	15–30%^e	31–37%^e
	Czech Republic	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	17%	46%	n/a
	France	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	17%	38%	n/a
	France	Nappi	2016	Aged 18–45	38–53%^e	15–19%^e	32–43%^e
	Germany	Wiegratz	2004	Aged 15–19, 25–34, 45–49, and 52–57	Women aged 15–57: 48%^b Women aged 15–49: 41%^b	Women aged 15–57: 18%^b Women aged 15–49: 21%^b	Women aged 15–57: 24%^b Women aged 15–49: 29%^b
	Germany	Snow	2007	Aged 18–49	~ 8%^b	~ 60%^b	~ 30%^b
	Germany	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	19%	42%	n/a
	Italy	Ferrero	2006	Mean age 36.6	29%	28%	44%
	Italy	Fruzzetti	2008	Aged 18 to 50	26%	42%	32%
	Italy	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	4%	42%	n/a
	Italy	Nappi	2016	Aged 18–45	17–18%^e	30–33%^e	49–53%^e
	Poland	Nappi	2016	Aged 18–45	14–19%^e	37–42%^e	44% (no difference between use or nonuse of hormonal contraception)
	Spain	Nappi	2016	Aged 18–45	19–22%^e	30–39%^e	42–48%^e
	Switzerland	Merki-Feld	2014	Aged 15–19, 25–34, and 45–49	30%	32%	37%
	United Kingdom	Glasier	2003	Aged 20+	Edinburgh: 37%	Edinburgh: 20%	Edinburgh: 33%
	United Kingdom	Szarewski	2012	Aged 15–49^c	19%	52%	n/a

^aRanges by race and ethnicity
^bPercentages were calculated or estimated from information presented in the articles
^cExcluded women with no history of contraceptive use that would not consider future use
^dRanges by occupation and rural vs. urban location
^eRanges by use or non-use of hormonal contraception

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