Table 3 Multilevel Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression Analysis for Receipt of Family Planning (FP) Information—Kigoma Region, Tanzania, April to July 2016 (Clients n = 1497, Providers n = 330)
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|
FIXED EFFECTS - CLIENT LEVEL VARIABLES | ||
Client age in years | ||
15–19 (reference) | ||
20–29 | 0.93 (0.66–1.33) | 0.707 |
30–39 | 0.61 (0.37–1.03) | 0.063 |
40–49 | 0.50 (0.26–0.97) | 0.039 |
Don’t know | 4.11 (0.95–17.76) | 0.058 |
Highest education attended | ||
No education | ||
Primary | 1.25 (0.87–1.79) | 0.230 |
Secondary | 1.53 (0.93–2.51) | 0.093 |
College or university | 1.03 (0.39–2.74) | 0.947 |
Pregnancy loss (PL) care was primary service sought | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 1.97 (1.01–3.84) | 0.048 |
Other routine services was primary service sought | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 0.43 (0.18–1.03) | 0.058 |
Frequency of religious service attendance | ||
Less often than weekly (reference) | ||
Weekly or more often | 0.61 (0.44–0.85) | 0.003 |
Wealth | ||
Low wealth (reference) | ||
Middle wealth | 1.24 (0.82–1.88) | 0.300 |
High wealth | 1.27 (0.81–1.97) | 0.294 |
Number of prior pregnancies | ||
0 to 3 (reference) | ||
4+ | 1.78 (1.21–2.60) | 0.003 |
Desired timing of future childbearing | ||
More than 2 years, or does not want (reference) | ||
1 to 2 years | 0.73 (0.51–1.04) | 0.079 |
Heard FP messages in last three months | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 1.21 (0.88–1.67) | 0.233 |
Has had FP discussion with partner | ||
No or don’t know (reference) | ||
Yes | 1.73 (1.33–2.25) | 0.000 |
FIXED EFFECTS - PROVIDER-LEVEL VARIABLES | ||
Highest education completed | ||
Primary (reference) | ||
Secondary | 1.25 (0.60–2.63) | 0.552 |
College/University | 2.03 (0.97–4.25) | 0.060 |
Work hours per week | ||
Less than 54 h per week (reference) | ||
54+ hours per week | 0.68 (0.45–1.01) | 0.054 |
Routinely provides FP services | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 1.45 (0.85–2.47) | 0.170 |
FP ever-training PCA scorea | ||
Low (reference) | ||
High | 1.01 (0.57–1.79) | 0.970 |
FP recent-training PCA scorea | ||
Low (reference) | ||
High | 1.58 (1.11–2.26) | 0.012 |
FP Practice PCA Scorea | ||
Low (reference) | ||
High | 0.86 (0.48–1.53) | 0.606 |
Access to electronic mentoring opportunities | ||
No access (reference) | ||
Access to at least 1 type (emergency call system, e-learning, teleconference) | 1.38 (0.85–2.23) | 0.191 |
Perception in-service training has helped job performance | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 2.27 (1.35–3.84) | 0.002 |
RANDOM EFFECTS | ||
Provider-level variance (SE) | 1.21 (0.28) | |
Provider-level variance partition coefficient | 0.27 (0.19–0.37) | |
Level 1 units | 1497 | |
Level 2 units | 330 | |
Log likelihood | − 921.18412 | |