Table 4 Multilevel Mixed Effects Logistic Regression Analysis for Receipt of a Modern Family Planning (FP) Method—Kigoma Region, Tanzania, April to July 2016 (Clients n = 1482, Providers n = 330)
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|
FIXED EFFECTS - CLIENT LEVEL VARIABLES | ||
Highest education attended | ||
No education (reference) | ||
Primary | 0.43 (0.17–1.13) | 0.088 |
Secondary or higher | 0.85 (0.24–3.03) | 0.799 |
University | 1.39 (0.16–11.87) | 0.765 |
Literacy | ||
Cannot read or write, or can do one (reference) | ||
read and write | 1.89 (0.72–4.91) | 0.193 |
Pregnancy loss (PL) care was primary service sought | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 4.08 (1.97–8.44) | 0.000 |
Other services was primary service sought | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 0.08 (0.01–0.87) | 0.038 |
Well-baby care was primary service sought | ||
No (reference) | ||
Yes | 0.14 (0.04–0.54) | 0.004 |
Marital status | ||
Not in a union (reference) | ||
In a union | 0.41 (0.18–0.93) | 0.034 |
Wealth | ||
Low wealth (reference) | ||
Middle wealth | 1.99 (1.11–3.56) | 0.021 |
Highest wealth | 2.30 (1.30–4.07) | 0.004 |
Live births | ||
1 or more (reference) | ||
None | 3.92 (1.40–10.94) | 0.009 |
Has had FP discussion with partner | ||
No or don’t know (reference) | ||
Yes | 5.87 (2.81–12.28) | 0.000 |
Can make own FP decisions | ||
No or don’t know (reference) | ||
Yes | 3.17 (1.55–6.49) | 0.002 |
Number of FP methods received information about during non-FP visit | ||
0 to 1 (reference) | ||
2 or more | 7.13 (2.13–23.80) | 0.001 |
Number of sources FP information received from during non-FP visit | ||
0 to 1 (reference) | ||
2 or more | 3.12 (1.40–6.92) | 0.005 |
Desired timing of future childbearing | ||
More than 2 years or does not want (reference) | ||
1–2 years | 0.47 (0.20–1.13) | 0.090 |
FIXED EFFECTS - PROVIDER-LEVEL VARIABLES | ||
Age in years | ||
38 years or younger (reference) | ||
39+ years | 0.77 (0.37–1.62) | 0.498 |
Cadre | ||
Clinician (reference) | ||
Nurse/midwife | 0.81 (0.41–1.59) | 0.535 |
Other staff | 0.90 (0.35–2.30) | 0.824 |
Hours worked per week | ||
55 h or less per week (reference) | ||
56+ hours | 0.63 (0.35–1.15) | 0.132 |
Access to electronic mentoring opportunities | ||
No access (reference) | ||
Access to at least 1 type (emergency call system, e-learning, teleconference) | 1.27 (0.57–2.82) | 0.562 |
FP Practice PCA Scorea | ||
Low (reference) | ||
High | 1.14 (0.60–2.17) | 0.685 |
RANDOM EFFECTS | ||
Provider-level variance (SE) | 1.39 (0.71) | |
Provider-level variance partition coefficient | 0.30 (0.13–0.53) | |
Level 1 units | 1482 | |
Level 2 units | 330 | |
Log likelihood | − 292.07447 | |