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Table 3 Distribution of biological factor and sexual behavior factors in HPV infection: comparison of HPV cases and controls

From: Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with HPV infection in pregnant women: a matched case-control study in Beijing, China

Characteristics

HPV Cases n = 66 (%)

Controls n = 132 (%)

*p-value

OR (95%CI)

**p-value

Biological factor

 Pre-pregnancy BMI kg/m2

  

0.739

  

  ≥ 28

6 (9.1)

14 (10.6)

 

0.84 (0.25–2.49)

0.952

  < 28

60 (90.9)

118 (89.4)

 

1

 

 Menarche age

  

0.379

  

  < 12 years old

1 (1.5)

127 (96.2)

 

0.35 (0.01–3.89)

0.658

  ≥ 12 years old

65 (98.5)

30 (22.7)

 

1

 

 Menstrual cycle (28 days)

  

0.211

  

  Abnormal

56 (84.8)

102 (77.3)

 

0.63 (0.26–1.40)

0.309

  Normal

10 (15.2)

30 (22.7)

 

1

 

 Age at first sexual intercourse

  

0.685

  

  < 20 years old

5 (7.6)

8 (6.1)

 

1.28 (0.31–4.76)

0.896

  ≥ 20 years old

61 (92.4)

124 (93.9)

 

1

 

 Age at first pregnancy

  

0.169

  

  < 24 years old

27 (40.9)

41 (31.1)

 

1.74 (0.82–3.74)

0.165

  ≥ 24 years old

39 (59.1)

91 (68.9)

 

1

 

 Number of pregnancies

  

0.087

  

  ≥ 2

30 (45.5)

77 (58.3)

 

0.59 (0.30–1.12)

0.113

  0–1

36 (54.5)

55 (41.7)

 

1

 

 Number of parity

  

0.228

  

  ≥ 1

38 (57.6)

64 (48.5)

 

1.54 (0.77–3.16)

0.251

  0

28 (42.4)

68 (51.5)

 

1

 

 Number of abortions

  

0.477

  

  ≥ 2

8 (12.1)

21 (15.9)

 

0.75 (0.28–1.82)

0.646

  0–1

58 (87.9)

111 (84.1)

 

1

 

Sexual behavior factor

 Number of sexual partners

  

0.065

  

  < 2

54 (81.8)

120 (90.9)

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

12 (18.2)

12 (9.1)

 

2.6 (0.89–8.10)

0.084

 Number of sexual partners of husband/life partner

  

0.433

  

  < 2

60 (90.9)

124 (93.9)

 

1

 

  ≥ 2

6 (9.1)

8 (6.1)

 

1.67 (0.4–6.56)

0.578

 Contraceptive methods

  

0.867

  

  Condom

37 (56.1)

76 (57.6)

 

1.05 (0.48–2.35)

0.990

  Oral contraceptive + contraceptive ring

13 (19.7)

22 (16.7)

 

1.30 (0.44–3.82)

0.766

  None

16 (24.2)

34 (25.8)

 

1

 

 Cleaning before sexual intercourse

  

0.440

  

  Neither /one person

17 (25.8)

41 (31.1)

 

0.77 (0.37–1.56)

0.546

  Both

49 (74.2)

91 (68.9)

 

1

 

 Cervical erosion or cervicitis

  

0.427

  

  No

46 (69.7)

99 (75.0)

 

1

 

  Yes

20 (30.3)

33 (25.0)

 

1.32 (0.63–2.75)

0.519

 Vaginitis (trichomonas + mold)

  

0.449

  

  No

56 (84.8)

117 (88.6)

 

1

 

  Yes

10 (15.2)

15 (11.4)

 

1.39 (0.52–3.60)

0.589

 TCT check (trichomoniasis + mold)

  

0.569

  

  No

60 (90.9)

123 (93.2)

 

1

 

  Yes

6 (9.1)

9 (6.8)

 

1.40 (0.37–5.02)

0.753

  1. *p-value was obtained from student t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. **p-value was obtained from the multiple logistic regression model that simultaneously included biological factor and sexual behavior factors