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Table 5 Ultrasound Exam Findings According to Sonographer and Women’s Recall by Referral Attendance Status

From: Factors influencing referrals for ultrasound-diagnosed complications during prenatal care in five low and middle income countries

Ultrasound findings

Referral Status

 

Attended Referral, N = 510

Did not Attend Referral, N = 190

 

Positive Finding, N (%)

Agreement Coefficients

Positive Finding, N (%)

Agreement Coefficients

Overall Agreement Coefficients

Sonographer

Findings

Woman’s

Recall

% Agreement

AC1 Statistic

Sonographer

Findings

Woman’s

Recall

% Agreement

AC1 Statistic

% Agreement

AC1 Statistic

Possibility of miscarriage

1 (0.2)

9 (1.8)

98.0

0.98

1 (0.5)

2 (1.1)

99.5

0.99

98.4

0.98

Ectopic pregnancy

0 (0.0)

5 (1.0)

99.0

0.99

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

100.0

1.00

99.3

0.99

Incomplete miscarriage

0 (0.0)

1 (0.2)

99.8

1.00

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

100.0

1.00

99.9

1.00

Fetal demise

18 (3.5)

14 (2.7)

96.9

0.97

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

100.0

1.00

97.7

0.98

Fetal anomalies

13 (2.5)

69 (13.5)

87.1

0.85

6 (3.2)

5 (2.6)

97.4

0.97

89.9

0.88

Multiple gestation

82 (16.1)

69 (13.5)

93.1

0.91

6 (3.2)

8 (4.2)

97.9

0.98

94.4

0.93

Malposition

166 (32.5)

197 (38.6)

73.5

0.51

72 (37.9)

46 (24.2)

73.7

0.54

73.6

0.52

Placenta previa

32 (6.3)

25 (4.9)

93.5

0.93

9 (4.7)

6 (3.2)

96.3

0.96

94.3

0.94

IUGR (fetal growth restriction)

111 (21.8)

78 (15.3)

87.3

0.82

80 (42.1)

64 (33.7)

74.7

0.52

83.9

0.75

Oligohydramnios

31 (6.1)

33 (6.5)

94.9

0.94

26 (13.7)

23 (12.1)

90.0

0.87

93.6

0.92

Polyhydramnios

77 (15.1)

81 (15.9)

91.0

0.88

6 (3.2)

8 (4.2)

96.8

0.97

92.6

0.91

Other

48 (9.4)

39 (7.6)

87.3

0.85

14 (7.4)

37 (19.5)

76.3

0.69

84.3

0.81

  1. *Values < 0.40 indicate poor agreement, 0.40–0.75 good agreement, and > 0.75 excellent agreement [15]