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Table 2 Mapping complications to signal functions

From: Referral patterns through the lens of health facility readiness to manage obstetric complications: national facility-based results from Ghana

Complication

Signal functions for hospitals

Signal functions for health centers

Antepartum hemorrhage

Assisted vaginal delivery

Blood transfusion

Surgery (e.g. for placenta praevia)

Assisted vaginal delivery

Postpartum hemorrhage

Antibiotics

Uterotonic drugs

Manual removal of placenta

Removal of retained products or fragments

Blood transfusion

Surgery (e.g. hysterectomy for ruptured uterus)

Antibiotics

Uterotonic drugs

Manual removal of placenta

Removal of retained products or fragments

Retained placenta or fragments

Manual removal of placenta

Antibiotics

Uterotonics

Blood transfusion

Manual removal of placenta

Antibiotics

Uterotonics

Pre-eclampsia/

eclampsia

Anticonvulsants

Assisted vaginal delivery

Surgery

Anticonvulsants

Assisted vaginal delivery

Sepsis

Antibiotics

Removal of retained products

Surgery

Antibiotics

Removal of retained products

Prolonged/

Obstructed labor

Uterotonics (for induction)

Assisted vaginal delivery

Surgery (e.g. cesarean)

Uterotonics (for induction)

Assisted vaginal delivery

Ruptured uterus

Antibiotics

Surgery (e.g. hysterectomy or uterine repair)

Blood transfusion

Assumption: refer all cases

Complications of abortion

Antibiotics

Uterotonics

Removal of retained products

Blood transfusion

Surgery

Antibiotics

Uterotonics

Removal of retained products

Ectopic pregnancy

Blood transfusion

Surgery

Assumption: refer all cases