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Table 3 Likelihood of using iLAPMs among married female contraceptive users by selected background characteristics: 1992–2014

From: Factors associated with use of injectables, long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods (iLAPMs) among married women in Zambia: analysis of demographic and health surveys, 1992–2014

Background characteristics

Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds ratios

1992

1996

2001/2

2007

2013/4

OR

AOR

OR

AOR

OR

AOR

OR

AOR

OR

AOR

Respondent’s level of education

 None

0.663

0.709

0.325**

0.411*

0.438**

0.695

0.564**

0.709

0.867

0.709**

 Primary

0.502**

1.010

0.488***

0.544*

0.638**

0.869

0.737**

0.885

1.130*

0.985

 Secondary+

Partner’s level of education

 None

1.736

3.070

0.546

0.959

0.154**

0.226*

0.556*

0.689

1.418*

1.272

 Primary

0.599*

0.751

0.590**

0.839

0.604***

0.844

0.632***

0.731*

0.983

0.915

 Secondary+

Age

 15–24

0.028***

0.047***

0.069***

0.132***

0.214***

0.455**

0.967*

1.046

1.716***

3.212***

 25–34

0.161***

0.189***

0.183***

0.213***

0.449***

0.618**

0.631***

0.852

1.206**

1.771***

 35 + 

Number of living children

  ≤ 2

0.330***

2.401

0.199***

1.307

0.333***

0.763

0.710**

0.745

0.976

0.594***

 3–4

0.360***

1.024

0.460***

1.517

0.451***

0.671*

0.637**

0.730

0.877

0.713***

 5 + 

Desire for children

 Wants more

0.066***

0.182***

0.105***

0.238***

0.255***

0.440***

0.667***

0.755*

0.936

0.695***

 Undecided/wants no more

Ethnicity/language group

 Bemba

1.068

1.173

1.004

0.868

0.823

0.955

0.931

0.878

1.150

1.160

 Lozi

1.059

1.749

0.618

0.561

0.693

0.891

0.640

0.595

1.074

1.104

 North Western (Kaonde, Lunda & Luvale)

1.251

2.152

0.834

1.452

0.848

1.097

1.361

1.312

1.627***

1.753***

 Nyanja

0.703

0.560

0.811

1.105

0.864

0.978

0.793

0.898

1.230*

1.273*

 Tonga

Religion/Denomination

          

 Catholic

1.084

1.150

0.733

0.702

0.799

0.779

0.728

0.813

1.067

1.027

 Non-Catholic

Region

 Region 1 (Central, Copperbelt, Lusaka & Southern)

1.967**

1.099

3.124***

1.685

1.838***

1.230

1.353**

0.963

0.833**

0.979

 Region 2 (Eastrn, Luapula, Muchinga, Northern, North Western & Western)

Type of residence

          

 Urban

2.548***

2.096

2.956***

1.625

2.212***

1.537*

1.453**

1.119

0.841**

0.892

 Rural

Heard about FP in the media during last 12 months

 Yes

1.241

1.151

1.879**

1.016

2.060***

1.258

1.366**

1.124

0.776***

0.814**

 No

Main decision maker on woman’s health

          

 Woman alone

1.523**

1.270

1.411*

1.390*

0.905

0.963

 Woman with partner

1.371

1.416

1.628***

1.506**

0.948

1.010

 Other

Constant

0.420

0.501

0.469*

0.558*

1.355*

  1. *, p < .050; **, p < .010; ***, p < .001; OR Unadjusted Odds Ratios, AOR Adjusted Odds Ratios; +, and Higher; †, Reference Group