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Table 2 Selected characteristics and their contribution to the inequality in first ANC attendance, DebreBrehan, Ethiopia, 2018

From: Socio-economic inequalities in ANC attendance among mothers who gave birth in the past 12 months in Debre Brehan town and surrounding rural areas, North East Ethiopia: a community-based survey

Variables

Coefficient

P-value

Contribution

Concentration

Index (C)

95%CI for C

Wealth index

  

46%

  

Poorest(ref)

 Poorer

22.6

0.99

85

−0.54

− 0.62, − 0.46**

 Middle

3.03

0.13

2.5

−0.11

−0.2, − 0.016**

 Rich

3.044

0.21

−7.5

0.33

0.24,0.42**

 Richest

5.7

0.029*

− 34

0.78

0.73,0.82**

 Age of mother

  

−1.99%

  

17–19(ref)

 20–25

−0.098

0.95

− 0.05

− 0.056

− 0.15, 0.04

 26–30

2.8

0.12

−0.74

0.0186

−0.055, 0.09

 31–44

2.73

0.16

−1.2

0.056

−0.06,0.175

 Birth order

  

1.14%

  

1(ref)

 2

0.39

0.84

−0.16

0.04

− 0.06,0.14

 3

−3.5

0.056

2.26

0.13

−0.018, 0.28

 4 or more

−5.1

0.081

−0.96

−0.12

− 0.44,0.2

Marital status

  

6.78%

  

Single(ref)

 Married

−22.6

0.998

10.9

0.015

−0.0003,0.03

 Divorced/widowed

−41

0.999

−4.12

−0.47

−0.79,-0.15**

Education of mother

  

−13.61%

  

Primary(ref)

 Secondary

1.5

0.389

−1.56

0.09

0.008,0.17**

 Vocational

5.3

0.071

−5.9

0.16

0.033,0.29**

 Higher

6.6

0.069

−6.15

0.175

0.002,0.35**

Education of husband

  

29.56%

  

Primary(ref)

 Secondary

28.9

0.991

18.7

−0.059

−0.15,0.03

 Vocational

−0.14

0.919

0.056

0.073

−0.084,0.23

 Higher

−3.5

0.162

10.8

0.28

0.2,0.367**

Occupation of mother

  

9.6%

  

Housewife(ref)

 Government employee

−6.5

0.0398*

4.77

0.088

−0.03,0.21

 Private employee

−14

0.0391*

5.57

0.26

−0.02,0.54

 Merchant

−4.03

0.0859

3.23

0.33

0.14,0.52**

 Daily worker

0.024

0.9881

0.033

−0.58

−0.71,-0.44**

 Student/other

19.6

0.999

−4.02

0.48

0.19,0.77**

Occupation of husband

  

27%

  

Government employee(ref)

 Private employee

−3.5

0.057

2.4

0.07

−0.03,0.17

 Merchant*

−8.4

0.031

9.5

0.022

0.08,0.35**

 Daily worker

14.5

0.998

21

−0.378

−0.5,-0.256**

 Driver/student

−5.35

0.0769

−5.9

−0.45

−0.66,-0.24**

Time to reach hospital

  

−21.096

  

Less than 15 min(ref)

 15–29 min

−11.2

0.0557

9.9

0.092

−0.0074,0.19

 30–59 min

−15.6

0.0518

−31

−0.13

− 0.198,-0.06**

 1–2 h

−12.4

0.0643

0.004

0.000073

−0.16,0.16

Time to reach HC

  

16.18%

  

Less than 15 min(ref)

 15–29 min

7.1

0.0479*

13

−0.11

− 0.18,-0.05**

 30–59 min

6.5

0.0685

2.8

−0.104

− 0.27,0.06

 1–2 h

3.4

0.3468

0.38

−0.03

− 0.2,0.14

  1. * Indicates variables which have significant regression coefficient at < 0.05 p-value; ** indicates variables whose concentration index is different from zero by 95%CI; CI=Confidence Interval; ref.: referent group; HC: Health Center
  2. The table portrays the decomposition analysis outputs of the Generalized Linear Model for the first ANC attendance. Variables (explanatory or independent variables) are presented in the first column of the table. The second column describes the regression coefficient of each variable with the first ANC attendance. Statistically significantly associated variables at P-value < 0.05 are marked with asterisk symbol (third column). The fourth column shows how much each explanatory variable contributes (in percent) to the inequality. In the fifth column, information related to concentration index of each independent variable is presented. This index measures how unequally are the independent variables distributed across the socio-economic sub-populations. Whether this unequal distribution is not by chance is measured by calculating the 95% uncertainty interval around the point estimates (sixth column)
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Reproductive Health

ISSN: 1742-4755