Table 1 Prevalence of smoking by intensity level before and during pregnancy across maternal characteristics, United States, 2016
SMOKING STATUS % (95% CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Three months before pregnancy at low intensity (n = 121,197) | Three months before pregnancy at high intensity (n = 244,473) | Smoking anytime during pregnancy (n = 279,063) | First trimester at low intensity(n = 112,072) | First trimester at high intensity (n = 160,506) | Second trimester at low intensity (n = 110,411) | Second trimester at high intensity (n = 122,130) | Third trimester at low intensity(n = 116,985) | Third trimester at high intensity (n = 103,731) |
Overall % (95% CI) | 3.1 (3.1, 3.2) | 6.3 (6.3, 6.4) | 7.1 (7.0, 7.1) | 2.9 (2.8, 2.9) | 4.2 (4.1, 4.2) | 2.9 (2.8, 2.9) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) | 3.0 (3.0, 3.1) | 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) |
Maternal Characteristics | |||||||||
Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
 Non-Hispanic White | 3.6 (3.5, 3.6) | 9.8 (9.8, 9.9) | 10.5 (10.4, 10.5) | 3.7 (3.6, 3.7) | 6.6 (6.5, 6.6) | 3.8 (3.7, 3.8) | 5.1 (5.0, 5.1) | 4.1 (4.1, 4.2) | 4.4 (4.3, 4.4) |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 4.3 (4.2, 4.4) | 3.6 (3.5, 3.6) | 6.0 (5.9, 6.0) | 3.7 (3.6, 3.7) | 2.1 (2.1, 2.2) | 3.3 (3.2, 3.3) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.5) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) |
 Hispanic | 1.6 (1.5, 1.6) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) |
 Other race/ethnicity a | 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) | 3.4 (3.4, 3.5) | 4.5 (4.5, 4.6) | 2.3 (2.2, 2.3) | 2.2 (2.1, 2.2) | 2.1 (2.0, 2.1) | 1.5 (1.5, 1.6) | 2.1 (2.1, 2.2) | 1.2 (1.2, 1.3) |
Age (years) | |||||||||
  < 20 | 4.4 (4.3, 4.5) | 7.1 (7.0, 7.3) | 8.5 (8.4, 8.6) | 4.0 (3.9, 4.1) | 4.2 (4.1, 4.3) | 3.7 (3.6, 3.8) | 2.9 (2.8, 2.9) | 3.8 (3.7, 3.9) | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) |
 20–24 | 4.9 (4.8, 4.9) | 9.3 (9.2, 9.4) | 10.7 (10.7, 10.8) | 4.6 (4.5, 4.6) | 5.9 (5.9, 6.0) | 4.4 (4.4, 4.5) | 4.3 (4.3, 4.4) | 4.7 (4.6, 4.7) | 3.6 (3.5, 3.6) |
 25–29 | 3.4 (3.3, 3.4) | 7.1 (7.1, 7.2) | 8.2 (8.1, 8.2) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) | 4.8 (4.7, 4.8) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) | 3.7 (3.7, 3.8) | 3.4 (3.3, 3.4) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) |
 30–34 | 2.2 (2.1, 2.2) | 4.7 (4.6, 4.7) | 5.2 (5.1, 5.2) | 2.0 (1.9, 2.0) | 3.1 (3.1, 3.2) | 2.0 (1.9, 2.0) | 2.5 (2.4. 2.5) | 2.1 (2.0, 2.1) | 2.1 (2.1, 2.2) |
 35+ | 1.8 (1.7, 1.8) | 3.8 (3.7, 3.8) | 4.3 (4.2, 4.3) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.6) | 2.6 (2.5, 2.6) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.6) | 2.1 (2.0, 2.1) | 1.7 (1.6, 1.7) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.8) |
Education | |||||||||
 Less than high school | 4.7 (4.6, 4.7) | 10.1 (10.0, 10.2) | 12.8 (12.8, 12.9) | 4.9 (4.9, 5.0) | 7.6 (7.6, 7.7) | 5.1 (5.1, 5.2) | 6.2 (6.1, 6.2) | 5.5 (5.4, 5.5) | 5.4 (5.3, 5.4) |
 High School/GED b | 4.8 (4.7, 4.8) | 10.3 (10.3, 10.4) | 11.9 (11.9, 12.0) | 4.7 (4.7, 4.8) | 7.0 (6.9, 7.0) | 4.7 (4.7, 4.8) | 5.4 (5.3, 5.4) | 5.0 (5.0, 5.1) | 4.6 (4.5, 4.6) |
 Some college/Assoc. | 3.6 (3.6, 3.7) | 7.1 (7.0, 7.1) | 7.6 (7.5, 7.6) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) | 4.2 (4.2, 4.3) | 3.0 (2.9, 3.0) | 3.0 (3.0, 3.1) | 3.2 (3.1, 3.2) | 2.5 (2.5, 2.6) |
 Bachelor’s + | 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.8) | 0.4 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) |