A systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries

Dev, Rubee; Kohler, Pamela; Feder, Molly; Unger, Jennifer A.; Woods, Nancy F.; Drake, Alison L.

doi:10.1186/s12978-019-0824-4

Reproductive Health

Table 1 Characteristics of studies on postpartum contraceptive use, by regions (n = 35)

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries

First author [Reference]	Publication year	Survey year(s)	Country	Study Design	Study population			Outcomes included in the meta-analysis	New Castle Ottawa Score^b
First author [Reference]	Publication year	Survey year(s)	Country	Study Design	Maternal Age (years)^a	Time point of assessment	Sample size	Outcomes included in the meta-analysis	New Castle Ottawa Score^b
West Africa
Adanikin [63]	2013	2011–2012	Nigeria	RCT	Mean = 29.2	6 months	216	mCPR	4
Adeyemi [41]	2005	2003–2004	Nigeria	Prospective cohort	Mean = 28.5	9–10 months	256	mCPR, unmet need	4
Eliason [6]	2013	2012	Ghana	Cross-sectional	Mean = 25.6	At the clinic	1914	–	4
Sipsma [51]	2013	2006	Niger	Cross-sectional	Mean = 29	6 months	673	mCPR	4
Robinson [37]	2016	2010	Ghana	Qualitative (FGD)	Range = 15–49	0–12 months	13	–	2
Durosinlorun [62]	2016	2000–2014	Nigeria	Retrospective cohort	Range = < 20 to ≥50	6 months	5992	–	4
Iliyasu [53]	2018	2015	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	Mean = 27	12 months	317	mCPR	4
Morhe [54]	2017	2011	Ghana	Cross-sectional	Mean = 31.1	6–12 months	200	mCPR	5
East Africa
Balkus [58]	2007	1999–2003	Kenya	Prospective cohort	Range = 18–42	12 months	410	mCPR	3
Hubacher [42]	2013	2011–2012	Kenya	Prospective cohort	Range = 18–39	6–12 weeks	671	Birth spacing & limiting	3
Mumah [35]	2015	2007–2010	Kenya	Prospective cohort	Range = 15–49	0–12 months	3579	mCPR, birth limiting	4
Ndugwa [17]	2011	2007–2008	Kenya	Prospective cohort	Range = 11–52	0–12 months	2994	mCPR, birth limiting	3
Abera [10]	2015	2013	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Mean = 27.2	6 weeks-12 months	703	mCPR, birth spacing & limiting	5
Abraha [11]	2017	2015	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Mean = 27.4	0–12 months	590	mCPR, birth spacing & limiting	5
O’Shea [36]	2014	2013	Malawi	Cross-sectional	Range = 18–35+	0–12 months	634	–	3
Keogh [50]	2015	2008	Tanzania	Cross-sectional	Range = 15–35+	6–12 months	5284	mCPR, birth spacing & limiting	3
Mengesha [43]	2015	2012	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Mean = 28.3	12 months	899	mCPR, birth spacing & limiting	5
Shabiby [57]	2015	2012	Kenya	Cross-sectional	Mean = 26	At discharge after birth	185	–	3
Sileo [44]	2015	2012	Uganda	Cross-sectional	Mean = 25.8	3 months	258	mCPR, unmet need	4
MCHIP [39]	2012	2008–2009	Kenya	Cross-sectional (DHS data)	Range = 15–49	0–12 months	2264	Unmet need, birth spacing & limiting	3
Achwoka [55]	2017	2013	Kenya	Cross-sectional	Mean = 25.8	8–10 months	955	mCPR	5
Gebremariam [59]	2017	2015	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Mean = 30.8	6–12 months	605	mCPR	5
Gebremedhin [60]	2018	2015	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Range = 15–49	12 months	803	mCPR	4
South Asia/South East Asia
Chhabra [13]	2016	2014	India	Cross-sectional	Range = 15–40	8 weeks	117	mCPR	2
Kashyap [14]	2016	2015	India	Cross-sectional	Range = 18–35	10 weeks	178	mCPR	2
Mody [48]	2014	2008	India	Cross-sectional	Range = 17–45	6 months	1049	mCPR	3
Withers [38]	2010	2002–2003	Indonesia	Cross-sectional	Mean = 29.9	0–12 months	1528	mCPR	5
FP seminar [40]	2014	NA	India	Seminar report	NS	0–12 months	56 countries	–	2
Navodani [56]	2017	2014	Sri Lanka	Cross-sectional	Mean = 29.4	8–12 weeks	1112	mCPR	5
Wilopo [49]	2017	2015	Indonesia	Cross-sectional	Range = 15–49	6 months	1415	mCPR, unmet need	4
Middle East/North Africa
Elweshahi [45]	2018	2016	Egypt	Cross-sectional	Mean = 30	12 months	1500	mCPR, unmet need	5
Multi-regional (South Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa/Central America)
Moore [16]	2015	2005–2012	21 LMIC	Cross-sectional (DHS data)	Range = 15–49	0–12 months	21 countries	–	3
Ross [9]	2001	1991–1996	27 countries	Cross-sectional (DHS data)	Range = 15–49	0–12 months	27 countries	–	3
Pasha [8]	2015	2011–2012	India, Pakistan, Zambia, Kenya, Guatemala	Prospective cohort	Range = < 20 to ≥30	6 weeks	36,687	mCPR, unmet need, birth spacing & limiting	3
Hounton [52]	2015	2004–2013	Ethiopia, Malawi, and Nigeria	Cross-sectional (DHS data)	Range = 15–49	3 months	3 countries	–	3

Note: DHS (demographic and health survey), FGD (focus group discussion), MCHIP (maternal and child health integrated program), NA (not applicable), NS (not specified), PP (postpartum period),
RCT (randomized controlled trial)
^a Age at enrollment
^b Total modified Newcastle-Ottawa risk of bias scores for the studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Scoring were done based on the (i) sample representativeness; (ii) sample size; (iii) non-respondents, (iv) ascertainment of mCPR/reproductive intention/unmet need; and (v) quality of descriptive statistics reporting. Total scores range from 0 to 5. For the total score grouping, studies were judged to be of low risk of bias (≥3 points) or high risk of bias (< 3 points)

Back to article page

ISSN: 1742-4755

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com