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Table 3 Self-reported experience of respectful care during institutional childbirth

From: Understanding mistreatment during institutional delivery in Northeast Nigeria: a mixed-method study

Main

Manifestations/indicators

N = 342

Dimensions

 

%(95%CI)

Health system conditions and constraints

Poor physical condition of facilities (dirty delivery room)

27 (12–49)

Staffing shortages (e.g. not enough staff) during labour and delivery

24 (11–44)

Supply constraints (e.g. essential medicines and supply not available)

13 (7–21)

Lack of privacy (e.g. feeling of being exposed during delivery)

15 (4–42)

Lack of redress

5 (2–11)

Bribery and extortion during facility birth

1 (0–3)

Feeling of unclear fee structures (e.g. lack of visible price list)

19 (7–44)

Feeling of unreasonable requests by health workers

19 (7–44)

Experience of any abuse related to health system conditions and constraints

50 (31–70)

Poor rapport between women and providers

Poor communication with the BA during labour and delivery

15 (5–37)

Dismissal of woman (companion) concerns during labour and delivery

7 (3–14)

Had language and interpretation issues during labour and delivery

3 (1–5)

Poor staff attitudes during labour and delivery

9 (5–16)

Lack of supportive care from health workers

18 (6–43)

Denial or lack of birth companions during labour and delivery

28 (14–49)

Being treated as passive participants during childbirth

7 (2–27)

Denial of food, fluids, or mobility during labour and delivery

4 (1–18)

Lack of respect for preferred birth positions

13 (8–22)

Denial of safe traditional practices

5 (1–15)

Detained in a facility for failure to pay for services

6 (1–21)

Experience of any abuse related to poor rapport between women and providers

46 (24–69)

Failure to meet professional standards of care

Lack of informed consent process (e.g. examine without permission)

25 (11–47)

Breach of confidentiality (women private information shared)

1 (1–2)

Painful vaginal exams (refusal to provide pain relief)

18 (7–41)

Neglect, abandonment, or long delays (Ignored when help is needed)

8 (5–13)

Skilled attendant absent at time of delivery

18 (6–32)

Performance of unconsented surgical operations

2 (1–7)

Experience of any abuse related to failure to meet professional standards of care

44 (24–66)

Physical abuse

Being beaten, pushed, pinched, slapped or poked

3 (2–4)

Physically restrained, tied or gagged during labour and delivery

1 (0–3)

Experience of any physical abuse

3 (2–5)

Verbal abuse

Harsh or rude language, judgmental or accusatory comments

10 (6–18)

Threats of withholding treatment or blamed for poor birth outcomes

6 (3–12)

Experience of any verbal abuse

11 (6–20)

Sexual abuse

Sexual abuse touched inapproachably or raped

0

Any sexual abuse

0

Stigma & discrimination

Discriminated against based on ethnicity, religion, income, disease

0

Experience of any abuse related to discrimination

0

Experience of any abuse

66 (45–82)