From: Understanding mistreatment during institutional delivery in Northeast Nigeria: a mixed-method study
Main | Manifestations/indicators | N = 342 |
---|---|---|
Dimensions | Â | %(95%CI) |
Health system conditions and constraints | Poor physical condition of facilities (dirty delivery room) | 27 (12–49) |
Staffing shortages (e.g. not enough staff) during labour and delivery | 24 (11–44) | |
Supply constraints (e.g. essential medicines and supply not available) | 13 (7–21) | |
Lack of privacy (e.g. feeling of being exposed during delivery) | 15 (4–42) | |
Lack of redress | 5 (2–11) | |
Bribery and extortion during facility birth | 1 (0–3) | |
Feeling of unclear fee structures (e.g. lack of visible price list) | 19 (7–44) | |
Feeling of unreasonable requests by health workers | 19 (7–44) | |
Experience of any abuse related to health system conditions and constraints | 50 (31–70) | |
Poor rapport between women and providers | Poor communication with the BA during labour and delivery | 15 (5–37) |
Dismissal of woman (companion) concerns during labour and delivery | 7 (3–14) | |
Had language and interpretation issues during labour and delivery | 3 (1–5) | |
Poor staff attitudes during labour and delivery | 9 (5–16) | |
Lack of supportive care from health workers | 18 (6–43) | |
Denial or lack of birth companions during labour and delivery | 28 (14–49) | |
Being treated as passive participants during childbirth | 7 (2–27) | |
Denial of food, fluids, or mobility during labour and delivery | 4 (1–18) | |
Lack of respect for preferred birth positions | 13 (8–22) | |
Denial of safe traditional practices | 5 (1–15) | |
Detained in a facility for failure to pay for services | 6 (1–21) | |
Experience of any abuse related to poor rapport between women and providers | 46 (24–69) | |
Failure to meet professional standards of care | Lack of informed consent process (e.g. examine without permission) | 25 (11–47) |
Breach of confidentiality (women private information shared) | 1 (1–2) | |
Painful vaginal exams (refusal to provide pain relief) | 18 (7–41) | |
Neglect, abandonment, or long delays (Ignored when help is needed) | 8 (5–13) | |
Skilled attendant absent at time of delivery | 18 (6–32) | |
Performance of unconsented surgical operations | 2 (1–7) | |
Experience of any abuse related to failure to meet professional standards of care | 44 (24–66) | |
Physical abuse | Being beaten, pushed, pinched, slapped or poked | 3 (2–4) |
Physically restrained, tied or gagged during labour and delivery | 1 (0–3) | |
Experience of any physical abuse | 3 (2–5) | |
Verbal abuse | Harsh or rude language, judgmental or accusatory comments | 10 (6–18) |
Threats of withholding treatment or blamed for poor birth outcomes | 6 (3–12) | |
Experience of any verbal abuse | 11 (6–20) | |
Sexual abuse | Sexual abuse touched inapproachably or raped | 0 |
Any sexual abuse | 0 | |
Stigma & discrimination | Discriminated against based on ethnicity, religion, income, disease | 0 |
Experience of any abuse related to discrimination | 0 | |
Experience of any abuse | 66 (45–82) |