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Table 2 Women’s self-reported sexual and reproductive health care needs and service access patterns in the last 12 months, N = 385 (n(%))

From: Women’s costs for accessing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services: findings from an observational study in Johannesburg, South Africa

 

HIV-negative/

status unknown

HIV-positive

Total

(n = 129)

(n = 256)

(n = 385)

Required care for at least one SRH problem

109 (84.50%)

256 (100.0%)

365 (94.8%)

Required care for fertility problems

4 (3.1%)

11 (4.3%)

15 (3.9%)

Sought carea

4 (100.0%)

9 (81.8%)

13 (86.7%)

Public facility

4 (100.0%)

5 (55.6%)

9 (69.2%)

Private facility or chemist

0 (0.0%)

1 (11.1%)

1 (7.7%)

Otherb

1 (25.0%)

4 (44.4%)

5 (38.5%)

Needed contraceptionc

63 (48.8%)

113 (44.1%)

176 (45.7%)

Currently using a modern form of contraception

56 (88.9%)

107 (94.7%)

163 (92.6%)

Sought contraception in last 12 months*

48 (76.2%)

89 (78.8%)

137 (77.8%)

Public facility

44 (91.7%)

60 (67.4%)

104 (75.9%)

Private facility or chemist

2 (4.2%)

15 (16.9%)

17 (12.4%)

Otherb

2 (4.2%)

14 (15.7%)

16 (11.7%)

Reported having menstrual problems

48 (37.2%)

103 (40.2%)

151 (39.2%)

Sought carea

25 (52.1%)

49 (47.6%)

74 (49.0%)

Public facility

21 (84.0%)

37 (75.5%)

58 (78.4%)

Private facility or chemist

2 (8.0%)

9 (18.4%)

11 (14.9%)

Otherb

2 (8.0%)

6 (12.2%)

8 (10.8%)

Reported having menopause symptoms

12 (9.3%)

49 (19.3%)

61 (15.9%)

Sought carea

5 (41.7%)

17 (34.7%)

22 (36.1%)

Public facility

3 (60.0%)

14 (82.4%)

17 (77.3%)

Private facility or chemist

2 (40.0%)

2 (11.8%)

4 (18.2%)

Otherb

1 (20.0%)

1 (5.9%)

2 (9.1%)

Eligible for a cervical cancer screend

59 (45.7%)

256 (100%)

315 (81.8%)

Ever had a cervical cancer screen

44 (74.6%)

211 (82.8%)

255 (81.2%)

Sought a cervical cancer screen in last 12 months

10 (22.7%)

106 (50.2%)

116 (45.5%)

Public facility

15 (88.2%)

105 (99.1%)

120 (97.6%)

Private facility or chemist

2 (11.8%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (1.6%)

Otherb

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.9%)

1 (0.8%)

Eligible for a breast cancer screen in last 12 monthse

45 (34.9%)

181 (70.7%)

226 (58.7%)

Ever had a breast cancer screen

9 (20.0%)

32 (17.7%)

41 (18.1%)

Sought a breast cancer screen in last 12 monthsa

1 (11.1%)

12 (37.5%)

13 (31.7%)

Public facility

6 (85.7%)

17 (94.4%)

23 (92.0%)

Private facility or chemist

1 (14.3%)

1 (5.6%)

2 (8.0%)

Otherb

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Reported having STI symptoms

16 (12.4%)

37 (14.6%)

53 (13.9%)

Sought carea

15 (93.8%)

28 (75.7%)

43 (81.1%)

Public facility

9 (60.0%)

24 (85.7%)

33 (76.7%)

Private facility or chemist

3 (20.0%)

3 (10.7%)

6 (14.0%)

Otherb

3 (20.0%)

3 (10.7%)

6 (14.0%)

Reported experiencing intimate partner violence

11 (8.5%)

31 (12.1%)

42 (10.9%)

Sought carea

4 (36.4%)

8 (25.8%)

12 (28.6%)

Public facility

1 (25.0%)

1 (12.5%)

2 (16.7%)

Private facility or chemist

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Otherb

0 (0.0%)

2 (25.0%)

2 (16.7%)

  1. STI Sexually transmitted illness
  2. aWomen may have obtained care at more than one facility or mode (e.g. public facility, traditional healer, etc)
  3. bOther = traditional healer, family member, friend, other
  4. c Need for contraception was defined as having had sex in the last 12 months, not currently pregnant, not having had tubal ligation or a partner with a vasectomy, not wanting to get pregnant in the next 24 months and not experiencing menopause symptoms
  5. d In South Africa, HIV-negative women are eligible for Pap smears at ages 30, 40, and 50. For this analysis, we considered any HIV-negative woman over age 30 to be eligible. HIV-positive women are eligible for annual Pap smears from the time of their diagnosis
  6. e Breast exams in South Africa are clinical exams. The national policy allows for a screen annually for women over age 35
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Reproductive Health

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