Table 2 Obstetric and behavioral characteristics of study participants included in Gondar town, Ethiopia, 2018
Variable/category | Postnatal depression | Total n = 895, n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 83), n (%) | No (n = 772), n (%) | |||
Pregnancy intention | Â | Â | Â | 0.122 |
 Planned | 66 (79.5) | 697 (85.8) | 812 (85.2) |  |
 Unplanned | 17 (20.5) | 115 (14.2) | 83 (14.8) |  |
Parity of the mother | Â | Â | Â | 0.88 |
 1 | 31 (37.4) | 310 (38.2) | 341 (38.1) |  |
 2 | 25 (30.1) | 259 (31.9) | 284 (31.7) |  |
 3–8 | 27 (32.5) | 243 (29.9) | 270 (30.2) |  |
 Mean (±SD) | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) |  |
Antenatal care service uptake (at least one) | Â | 0.78 | ||
 Yes | 79 (95.2) | 778 (95.8) | 857 (95.7) |  |
 No | 4 (4.8) | 34 (4.2) | 38 (4.3) |  |
Postnatal care service | Â | Â | Â | 0.036 |
 Yes | 48 (64.9) | 624 (77.6) | 672 (76.5) |  |
 No | 26 (35.1) | 180 (22.4) | 206 (23.5) |  |
Mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â | 0.58 |
 Vaginal | 63 (86.3) | 675 (83.8) | 738 (84.0) |  |
 Cesarean section | 10 (13.7) | 130 (16.2) | 140 (16.0) |  |
History of a self-reported labor complication |  | < 0.001 | ||
 Yes | 64 (77.1) | 751 (92.6) | 815 (91.2) |  |
 No | 19 (22.9) | 60 (7.4) | 79 (8.8) |  |
Early initiation of breastfeeding (BF) | Â | Â | Â | 0.183 |
 Yes (≤ one hour) | 49 (68.1) | 484 (60.0) | 533 (60.7) |  |
 No | 23 (31.9) | 322 (40.0) | 345 (39.3) |  |
Median hours at first initiation of BF (Median(±IQR)) | 1 (1–6) | 1 (1–30) | 1 (1–30) |  |
History of low birth weight |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 66 (79.5) | 30 (3.7) | 47 (5.3) |  |
 No | 17 (20.5) | 782 (96.3) | 848 (94.7) |  |
Postnatal nutritional status (MUAC) | Â | Â | Â | 0.95 |
 Underweight (18–22) | 7 (8.4) | 70 (8.6) | 77 (8.6) |  |
 Normal (22.5–31) | 76 (91.6) | 742 (91.4) | 818 (91.4) |  |
 MUAC (Mean(±SD)) | 83 (0.08) | 812 (0.07) | 895 (0.09) |  |
History of preterm Birth | Â | Â | Â | 0.671 |
 Yes | 68 (81.9) | 132 (16.3) | 147 (16.4) |  |
 No | 15 (18.1) | 680 (83.7) | 748 (83.6) |  |
History of stillbirth |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 10 (12.1) | 7 (0.9) | 17 (1.9) |  |
 No | 73 (87.9) | 805 (99.1) | 878 (98.1) |  |