Author and year | Country | Program Intent | Study Design | Total sample (N) | Age (mean, SD) | Females (%) | Males (%) | Study population description | Outcomes reported | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive mental health | Mental health disorders | Substance use | Risky sexual and reproductive health behaviors | School attendance | Adherence to ante-natal and post-natal care | Parenting skills | |||||||||
Aracena et al. (2009) [62] | Chile | Prevent depression; promote family functioning | RCT | 90 | 17.21, 1.38 | 100% | n/a | Young women pregnant for the first time, living in an extremely poor neighborhood of Santiago | Â | X | Â | Â | Â | Â | X |
U.S.A. | Prevent depression, stress, and substance use; promote parenting knowledge | RCT | 322 | 18.12, 1.47 | 100% | n/a | Pregnant (= < 32 weeks gestation) American Indian adolescents residing in one of four participating reservation communities |  | X | X |  |  |  | X | |
Barnet et al. (2002) [33] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression, anxiety, and stress | RCT | 232 | 16.0, n/s | 100% | n/a | Pregnant or recently delivered (< 6 m) attending an alternative school specifically for childbearing adolescents; predominantly low-income and African-American |  | X |  |  |  |  | X |
Barnet et al. (2007) [49] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression and repeat pregnancy; promote parenting behaviors, contraceptive use, and school enrolment | RCT | 84 | 16.9, 1.4 | 100% | n/a | Pregnant adolescents, predominantly low-income African American; fathers of infants were invited with mother’s consent |  | X |  | X | X | X | X |
Felder et al. (2017) [55] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression | cRCT | 1233 | 18.64, n/s | 100% | n/a | Pregnant adolescents < 24 weeks gestation |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |
Florsheim et al. (2012) [47] | U.S.A. | Promote parenting behaviors, relationship quality, and positive interactions | RCT | 210 (105 couples) | 16.5 (mothers); 18.5 (fathers) | 50% | 50% | Pregnant adolescents < 26 weeks gestation and their co-parenting partners (biological fathers of children) | X |  |  |  |  |  | X |
Ginsburg et al. (2012) [46] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression; promote social support | RCT | 47 | 18.15, n/s | 100% | n/a | Pregnant adolescent Apache American Indian women < 28 weeks gestation; CES-D score of 16 or higher at baseline | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |
Harris & Franklin (2003) [57] | U.S.A. | Promote problem solving and school attendance | RCT | 86 | 17.93, n/s | 100% | n/a | Adolescent women who were pregnant (<8th month) or currently parenting one or more children of whom they had custody | X | Â | Â | Â | X | Â | Â |
Koniak-Griffin et al. (2002) [50] | U.S.A. | Promote self-efficacy | RCT | 102 | 16.78, 1.12 | 100% | n/a | Underserved first-time pregnant mothers | X | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kumar et al. (2016) [60] | Canada | Prevent depression | RCT | 30 | 17.4, 1.2 | 100% | n/a | Mother-child dyads | Â | X | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Logsdon et al. (2005) [53] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression; promote social support and self-esteem | Factorial RCT | 109 | 16.0, 1.3 | 100% | n/a | Pregnant and parenting adolescents | X | X | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mazza (2002) [48] | U.S.A. | Promote relationships and birth control | RCT | 60 | 16–18 | n/a | 100% | First-time fathers, African-American, between 16 and 18 | X |  |  |  |  | X |  |
McDonell et al. (2007) [58] | U.S.A. | Prevent substance use and risk for STD; promote self-efficacy, social support, and problem solving | RCT | 197 | 17.5, n/s | n/s | n/s | Low-income pregnant and parenting teens | X | Â | X | X | Â | Â | Â |
Phipps et al. (2013) [59] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression | RCT | 106 | 16.0, n/s | 100% | n/a | Pregnant and parenting adolescents who conceived first pregnancy at 17 or younger | Â | X | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Samankasikorn et al. (2016) [56] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression and stress; promote self-esteem and social support | RCT | 150 | 17.31, n/s | 100% | n/a | Pregnant teens | X | X | Â | Â | Â | Â | X |
Stirtzinger et al. (2002) [61] | Canada | Prevent depression; promote parental efficacy and perceived control | RCT | 20 | 17.0, n/s | 100% | n/a | Adolescents who were pregnant or parenting young children; only including those with a score of 16 or above on Beck’s Depression Inventory (akin to clinically depressed but no other diagnostic tool used) |  | X |  |  |  |  | X |
Walkup et al. (2009) [54] | U.S.A. | Prevent depression, stress, and substance use; promote parenting knowledge, maternal involvement and social support | RCT | 167 | 12–22 | 100% | n/a | Expectant American Indian adolescents at 28 weeks gestation or less | X | X | X |  |  |  | X |