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Table 1 Included studies

From: Psychosocial interventions targeting mental health in pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents: a systematic review

Author and year

Country

Program Intent

Study Design

Total sample (N)

Age (mean, SD)

Females (%)

Males (%)

Study population description

Outcomes reported

Positive mental health

Mental health disorders

Substance use

Risky sexual and reproductive health behaviors

School attendance

Adherence to ante-natal and post-natal care

Parenting skills

Aracena et al. (2009) [62]

Chile

Prevent depression; promote family functioning

RCT

90

17.21, 1.38

100%

n/a

Young women pregnant for the first time, living in an extremely poor neighborhood of Santiago

 

X

    

X

Barlow et al. (2013); Barlow et al. (2015) [51] [52]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression, stress, and substance use; promote parenting knowledge

RCT

322

18.12, 1.47

100%

n/a

Pregnant (= < 32 weeks gestation) American Indian adolescents residing in one of four participating reservation communities

 

X

X

   

X

Barnet et al. (2002) [33]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression, anxiety, and stress

RCT

232

16.0, n/s

100%

n/a

Pregnant or recently delivered (< 6 m) attending an alternative school specifically for childbearing adolescents; predominantly low-income and African-American

 

X

    

X

Barnet et al. (2007) [49]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression and repeat pregnancy; promote parenting behaviors, contraceptive use, and school enrolment

RCT

84

16.9, 1.4

100%

n/a

Pregnant adolescents, predominantly low-income African American; fathers of infants were invited with mother’s consent

 

X

 

X

X

X

X

Felder et al. (2017) [55]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression

cRCT

1233

18.64, n/s

100%

n/a

Pregnant adolescents < 24 weeks gestation

 

X

     

Florsheim et al. (2012) [47]

U.S.A.

Promote parenting behaviors, relationship quality, and positive interactions

RCT

210 (105 couples)

16.5 (mothers); 18.5 (fathers)

50%

50%

Pregnant adolescents < 26 weeks gestation and their co-parenting partners (biological fathers of children)

X

     

X

Ginsburg et al. (2012) [46]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression; promote social support

RCT

47

18.15, n/s

100%

n/a

Pregnant adolescent Apache American Indian women < 28 weeks gestation; CES-D score of 16 or higher at baseline

X

X

     

Harris & Franklin (2003) [57]

U.S.A.

Promote problem solving and school attendance

RCT

86

17.93, n/s

100%

n/a

Adolescent women who were pregnant (<8th month) or currently parenting one or more children of whom they had custody

X

   

X

  

Koniak-Griffin et al. (2002) [50]

U.S.A.

Promote self-efficacy

RCT

102

16.78, 1.12

100%

n/a

Underserved first-time pregnant mothers

X

      

Kumar et al. (2016) [60]

Canada

Prevent depression

RCT

30

17.4, 1.2

100%

n/a

Mother-child dyads

 

X

     

Logsdon et al. (2005) [53]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression; promote social support and self-esteem

Factorial RCT

109

16.0, 1.3

100%

n/a

Pregnant and parenting adolescents

X

X

     

Mazza (2002) [48]

U.S.A.

Promote relationships and birth control

RCT

60

16–18

n/a

100%

First-time fathers, African-American, between 16 and 18

X

    

X

 

McDonell et al. (2007) [58]

U.S.A.

Prevent substance use and risk for STD; promote self-efficacy, social support, and problem solving

RCT

197

17.5, n/s

n/s

n/s

Low-income pregnant and parenting teens

X

 

X

X

   

Phipps et al. (2013) [59]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression

RCT

106

16.0, n/s

100%

n/a

Pregnant and parenting adolescents who conceived first pregnancy at 17 or younger

 

X

     

Samankasikorn et al. (2016) [56]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression and stress; promote self-esteem and social support

RCT

150

17.31, n/s

100%

n/a

Pregnant teens

X

X

    

X

Stirtzinger et al. (2002) [61]

Canada

Prevent depression; promote parental efficacy and perceived control

RCT

20

17.0, n/s

100%

n/a

Adolescents who were pregnant or parenting young children; only including those with a score of 16 or above on Beck’s Depression Inventory (akin to clinically depressed but no other diagnostic tool used)

 

X

    

X

Walkup et al. (2009) [54]

U.S.A.

Prevent depression, stress, and substance use; promote parenting knowledge, maternal involvement and social support

RCT

167

12–22

100%

n/a

Expectant American Indian adolescents at 28 weeks gestation or less

X

X

X

   

X

  1. RCT Randomized controlled trial; cRCT Cluster randomized controlled trial; n/a Not applicable; n/s Not specified