Psychosocial interventions targeting mental health in pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents: a systematic review

Table 4 Overall effect sizes per outcome, screening sensitivity analysis (screen-in studies excluded, n = 15 remaining)

	All time points
	Effect size	p-value	95% Confidence Intervals
Positive mental health	0.41	0.01**	0.15	0.66
Mental disorders (depression and anxiety)	−0.10	0.25	−0.31	0.10
Self-harm and suicide
Aggressive, disruptive and oppositional disorders
Substance use	−0.27	0.26	−1.10	0.56
Risky sexual and reproductive health behaviors	−0.17	0.56	−2.68	2.35
School attendance	0.64	0.01**	0.55	0.72
Adherence to antenatal and postnatal care	0.31	0.53	−4.04	4.66
Parenting skills	0.07	0.47	−0.179	0.33
Exposure to IPV

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Models in italics are indicative only, given the statistical estimation procedures used. For positive mental health, school attendance, adherence to antenatal and postnatal care, and parenting skills, a positive effect size denotes a beneficial effect. For all other outcomes, a negative effect size denotes a beneficial effect

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