Women’s, partners’ and healthcare providers’ views and experiences of assisted vaginal birth: a systematic mixed methods review

Crossland, Nicola; Kingdon, Carol; Balaam, Marie-Clare; Betrán, Ana Pilar; Downe, Soo

doi:10.1186/s12978-020-00915-w

Reproductive Health

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies and quality assessment

From: Women’s, partners’ and healthcare providers’ views and experiences of assisted vaginal birth: a systematic mixed methods review

Author & date	Resource setting	Country	Participants	Number of participants	Study Design	Methods	Quality Assessment
Alexander 2002 [34]	HIC	UK	Midwives	18	Mixed-method	Focus group and postal survey	A
Al-Mufti 1997 [35]	HIC	UK	Obstetricians	206	Quantitative	Postal survey	C
Avasarala 2009 [36]	HIC	UK	Postnatal mothers	58	Quantitative	Postal survey with free-text responses	C
Bailey 2017 [12]	LMIC	Up to 40 LMICs	Facility level data	Unclear	Quantitative	Descriptive secondary data analysis	B
Belanger-Levesque 2014 [37]	HIC	Canada	Postnatal mothers and fathers	400	Quantitative	In-patient survey	B
Chan 2002 [38]	HIC	UK	Postnatal mothers and fathers	226	Quantitative	In-patient survey	B-
Crosby 2017 [39]	HIC	Ireland, Canada	Obstetricians in training (qualified doctors registered as specialist trainees)	52	Quantitative	Online survey	C
Declercq 2008 [40]	HIC	USA	Postnatal mothers	1573	Quantitative	Telephone and on-line survey	A-
Fauveau 2006 [41]	LMIC	111 LMICs	Obstetricians, Midwives and Public Health specialists	Unclear	Quantitative	Face-to-face survey	C-
Fisher 1997 [42]	HIC	Australia	Primigravid women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	272	Quantitative	Face-to-face survey	B-
Garcia 1985 [43]	HIC	UK	Postnatal mothers, Obstetricians, Paediatricians, and midwives	135	Quantitative	Face-to-face (women) and postal survey (staff)	C
^aGoldbort 2009 [33]	HIC	USA	Postnatal women	10	Qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	C
Handelzalts 2017 [44]	HIC	Israel	Postnatal women	469	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	C
Healy 1985 [45]	HIC	USA, Canada	Obstetricians (Association Chairs and Training Programme Supervisors)	108	Quantitative	Postal survey	B-
Hildingsson 2013 [28]	HIC	Sweden	Primigravid and multiparous women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	1763	Quantitative	Postal survey	B
Hewson 1985 [46]	HIC	Australia	Postnatal women	398	Quantitative	Face-to-face survey	B-
^aHurrell 2006 [26]	HIC	UK	Postnatal mothers and fathers	20	Qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	A-
Kjerulff 2018 [47]	HIC	USA	Primigravid women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	3080	Quantitative	Face-to-face survey	A
Maaløe 2012 [66]	LMIC	Tanzania	Facility level data and eight staff (Nurse Midwives and Medical Officers)	152	Quantitative	Secondary data analysis and in-depth interviews	A-
Maclean 2000 [48]	HIC	England	Postnatal primiparous women	40	Quantitative	Postal survey	C+
Murphy 2003 [23]	HIC	UK	Postnatal women	27	Qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	B
Nolens 2018 [49]	LMIC	Uganda	Postnatal women	646	Quantitative	Face-to-face survey	B
Nolens 2019 [2, 29]	LMIC	Uganda	Postnatal women	759	Quantitative	Face-to-face survey with open responses	B+
Nystedt 2006 [32]	HIC	Sweden	Primiparous women	10	Qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	B
Ramphul 2012 [50]	HIC	UK& Ireland	Obstetricians (Labour ward leads and specialist trainees)	323	Quantitative	Postal survey	A-
Ranta 1995 [51]	HIC	Finland	Primigravid and multiparous women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	1091	Quantitative	Self-complete survey and secondary data	C
Renner 2007 [52]	HIC	USA	Postnatal women	80	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	B+
Rijnders 2008 [53]	HIC	Netherlands	Postnatal women	1309	Quantitative	Postal survey	B
Rowlands 2012 [54]	HIC	England	Postnatal women	5332	Quantitative	Secondary analysis of national postal survey	B
Ryding 1998 [55]	HIC	Sweden	Postnatal women	326	Quantitative	Postal questionnaires	B
Salmon 1992 [56]	HIC	England	Primigravid women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	110	Quantitative	Self-complete survey and secondary data	C
Sánchez Del Hierro 2014 [57]	LMIC	Ecuador	Medical graduates	90	Quantitative	Online survey	A
Schwappach 2004 [58]	HIC	Switzerland	Postnatal women	2079	Quantitative	Self-complete survey and secondary data	A
Shaaban 2012 [59]	LMIC	Egypt	Obstetricians (Consultants, specialists, registrars)	167	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	B-
Shorten 2012 [60]	HIC	Australia	Postnatal women	165	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	B
^aSjodin 2018 [30]	HIC	Sweden	Postnatal women	16	Qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	B
Uotila 2005 [61]	HIC	Finland	Postnatal women	205	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	B
Waldenström 1999 [62]	HIC	Sweden	Primigravid and multiparous women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	1111	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	A-
Wiklund 2008 [63]	HIC	Sweden	Primigravid women recruited during pregnancy with postnatal follow-up	496	Quantitative	Self-complete survey	C
Wilson 2002 [64]	HIC	UK	Facility level data and five staff (Medical Director/Senior Obstetrician, Manager, Paediatrician, Midwife and middle-grade Obstetrician) from each of 20 hospitals	1100	Quantitative	Secondary data analysis and structured interview	A
Wright 2001 [65]	HIC	UK	Obstetricians in training (qualified doctors registered as specialist trainees)	279	Quantitative	Postal questionnaire	A-
Zwedberg 2015 [31]	HIC	Sweden	Postnatal fathers	10	Qualitative	Semi-structured interviews	B

^aThree PhDs were identified; two of which had published papers. These two papers and the third PhD (unpublished) were included

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